Trade Routes Resources Blog

Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia

2011-01-25T09:14:00.002+11:00

BOOK

Jason Neelis. Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility
and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South
Asia. Dynamics in the History of Religion, vol. 2. Leiden; Boston,
Brill: 2011. ISSN 1878-8106; ISBN 978 90 04 18159 5
http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=210&pid=41872

Description: This exploration of early paths for Buddhist transmission
within and beyond South Asia retraces the footsteps of monks, merchants,
and other agents of cross-cultural exchange. A reassessment of literary,
epigraphic, and archaeological sources reveals hisorical contexts for
the growth of the Buddhist sagha from approximately the 5th century BCE
to the end of the first millennium CE. Patterns of dynamic Buddhist
mobility were closely linked to transregional trade networks extending
to the northwestern borderlands and joined to Central Asian silk routes
by capillary routes through transit zones in the upper Indus and Tarim
Basin. By examining material conditions for Buddhist establishments at
nodes along these routes, this book challenges models of gradual
diffusion and develops alternative explanations for successful Buddhist
movement.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction: Road Map for Travelers
Models for the Movement of Buddhism
Merit, Merchants, and the Buddhist Sagha
Sources and Methods for the study of Buddhist Transmission
Outline of Destinations

Chapter 2: Historical Contexts for the Emergence and Transmission of
Buddhism within South Asia
Initial Phases of the Establishment of Early Indian Buddhist
Communities
Legacy of the Mauryans: Aśoka as Dharmarāja
Migrations, Material Exchanges, and Cross-Cultural Transmission in
Northwestern Contact Zones
Saka Migrants and Mediators between Central Asia and South Asia
Dynamics of Mobility during the Kuāa Period
Shifting Networks of Political Power and Institutional Patronage during
the Gupta Period
Cross-Cultural Transmission between South Asia and Central Asia, ca.
500-100 CE
Conclusions

Chapter 3: Trade Networks in Ancient South Asia
Northern Route (Uttarāpatha)
Southern Route (Dakiāpatha)
Seaports and Maritime Routes across the Indian Ocean
Conclusions

Chapter 4: Old Roads in the Northwestern Borderlands
Environmental Conditions for Buddhist Transmission in Gandhāra
Gandhāran Material and Literary Cultures
Gandhāran Nodes and Networks
Routes of Buddhist Missionaries and Pilgrims to and from Gandhāra
Domestication of Gandharan Buddhism
Conclusions

Chapter 5: Capillary Routes of the Upper Indus
Geography, Economy, and Capillary Routes in a High Altitude
Environment
Graffiti, Petroglyphs, and Pilgrims
Enigma of an Absence of Archaeological Evidence and Manifestations
of Buddhist Presence
Conclusions

Chapter 6: Long-Distance Transmission to Central Asian Silk Routes and
China
Silk Routes of Eastern Central Asia
Long-distance Transmission Reconsidered
Conclusions

Chapter 7: Conclusions: Alternative Paths and Paradigms of Buddhist
Transmission
Catalysts for the Formation and Expansion of the Buddhist Sagha
Changing Paradigms for Buddhist Transmission within and beyond South
Asia.

[CONTACT DETAILS:
Jason Neelis,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Religion and Culture,
Wilfrid Laurier University,
Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3C5
email: jneelis--at--wlu.ca ]

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Crossroads - Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World [New E-journal]

2011-01-11T12:27:00.002+11:00

http://www.eacrh.net/ojs/

11 Jan 2011

Ostasien Verlag, Grossheirath-Gossenberg, Germany.

Supplied note:
"The online and print journal 'Crossroads - Studies on the History of Exchange Relations in the East Asian World' [est. 2010, ISSN: 2190-8796 - ed.] is designed as an international forum for contributions related to the history of exchange relations in the East Asian world. With an abstract to every article in English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. - dz."

Self-description:
"The 'East Asian World' in this context comprises geographically speaking the regions of China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan (core region) and their neighbours or regions that were considered their 'peripheries' (such as for example Mongolia, Tibet, Vietnam etc.), including relevant predecessors (such as the Ryukyus, Bohai or Manchuria). Exchange relations and interaction with countries and regions beyond this East Asian world, like India, Russia and all the countries on the Eurasian continent, continental and insular Southeast Asia, regions around the Persian Gulf and generally the macro-region of what is designated as the 'Oriental world' - in contrast to 'Occidental Europe' - as well as interaction with for example the American or African continent are also part of the focus, as long as there existed important and/or sustainable contacts to the mentioned regions in East Asia. East Asia is thus treated as an entity made up of different countries and regions with similarities, but also with distinctive differences, concentrating on their interconnectedness and exchange relations, while emphasizing its relations to the macro-regions of Asia, Eurasia and the Orient, but also cross-Pacific interchange. The focus of contributions are both continental (overland) and maritime (overseas) exchange relations of bilateral and multilateral interaction structures. With regard to contents, major emphasis will be placed on the transfer of science and technologies, cultural aspects in their widest interpretation, religions, commodity and product exchange, trade, as well as migration and the organisation of functioning networks.
[...] Readers can choose between payment per article or annual subscription. If you want to subscribe to the Crossroads journal, please refer to the 'Subscriptions' section. If you want to submit an article, please read the 'Policies' and the 'Submission' sections first and then register."

Site contents:
* About the Journal (# People - Contact, Editorial Team, # Policies - Focus and Scope, Section Policies, Peer Review Process, Subscriptions, Author Self-Archiving, Delayed Open Access, # Submissions - Online Submissions, Author Guidelines, Copyright Notice, Privacy Statement, # Other - Journal Sponsorship, Site Map, About this Publishing System);
* Log In;
* Register;
* Search (All, Authors, Title, Abstract, Index terms, Full Text);
* Browse (By Issue, By Author, By Title);
* Current Issue [Open access TOCs and Abstracts. Subscription access to the PDF files with the full text and illustrations] Vol 1, 2010 (Articles: # Crossroads -- An Introduction - Angela Schottenhammer; # The Treaty of Shanyuan ? -- Then and Now: Reflections 1000 Years Later - Christian SCHWARZ-SCHILLING; # From Chen Cheng to Ma Wensheng: Changing Chinese Visions of Central Asia - Morris ROSSABI; # Song China and the multi-state and commercial world of East Asia - John CHAFFEE; # Some Glosses on the Sea Straits of Asia: Geography, Functions, Typology - Roderich PTAK; # A Buddhist Woodblock-printed Map and Geographic Knowledge in 13th Century China - Hyunhee PARK; # 'Brokers' and 'Guild' (huiguan) Organizations in China's Maritime Trade with her Eastern Neighbours during the Ming and Qing Dynasties - Angela SCHOTTENHAMMER; # Some Observations on Cash Metals from the Ryukyus 1664--1874 - Qing WANG);
* Archives of the Past Issues;
* Announcements.

URL http://www.eacrh.net/ojs/

Link reported by: Deike Zimmann (admin--at--eacrh.net)

Internet Archive (web.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the time of this abstract]

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - govt. - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Essential

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Journal of Asian History on Trade in/with Asia

2010-11-25T13:10:00.000+11:00

* Arasaratnam, Sinnappah, The Coromandel-Southeast Asia Trade 1650-1740. Journal of Asian History. 1984, Vol. 18:113-135.

* Chan, Hok-Lam, Commerce and Trade in Divided China: The Case Jurchen-Jin versus the Northern and Southern Song. Journal of Asian History. 2002, Vol. 36: 135-183.

* Forbes, Andrew D. W., The "Cin-Ho" (Yunnanese Chinese) Caravan Trade with North Thailand During the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries. Journal of Asian History. 1987, Vol. 21:1-47.

* Pearson, M. N., Spain and Spanish Trade in Southeast Asia. Journal of Asian History. 1968, Vol. 2:109-129.

* Rossabi, Morris, The Tea and Horse Trade with Inner Asia During the Ming. Journal of Asian History. 1970, Vol. 4:136-168.

* Serruys, Henry, Sino-Mongol Trade During the Ming. Journal of Asian History. 1975, Vol. 9:34-56.

* Whittaker, Dick, Conjunctures and Conjectures: Kerala and Roman Trade. Journal of Asian History. 2009, Vol. 43:1-18.

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Strabo Route as a Part of the Great Silk Road

2010-07-05T12:17:00.001+10:00

http://www.iicas-unesco.org/public_20_e.htm

Proceedings of the International conference Baku, November 28-29, 2008,
[International Institute for Central Asian Studies - IICAS], Samarkand-Tashkent 2009.
This compilation presents the proceedings of an international academic conference entitled 'The Strabo Route as a Part of the Great Silk Road', which took place in Baku on 28-29 November 2008. The conference was launched at the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences as a part of a larger international project aimed at complex studies of the issues related to the functioning of the first transcontinental trade route in the history of the world.

CONTENTS
* Alimova Dilorom, Rtveladze Edward, Abdurasulov Ulfat (Uzbekistan)
Central Asia-Transcaucasia-Rome: of the significance of the Amudarya water route via the Caspian sea to Transcaucasia
* Farda Asadov (Azerbaijan)
The Rus' on the Caspian Sea and on the Great Silk Road in the middle of 9th - beginning of 10th century
* Ilyas Babayev (Azerbaijan)
Archaeological traces of the Great Silk Road in Azerbaijan
* Murtazali Gadjiyev (Russia, Dagestan)
Strabo on the caravan trade of the Aorses
* Qoshqar Qoshqarli (Azerbaijan)
Strabo Route studies in Azerbaijan
* Omar Davudov (Russia, Dagestan)
The Caspian inshore trade routes and archaeological materials
* Vilayat Kerimov (Azerbaijan)
Architectural monuments of the north-west province of Caucasian Albania on the Great Silk Road
* Sergey Klyashtorniy (Russia)
The Road to Serindia: The itinerary of Strabo-Apollodorus and the Periplus of the Southern Seas
* Rauf Melikov (Azerbaijan)
On the participation of the tribes of ancient Azerbaijan in international trade
* Irada Najafova (Azerbaijan)
Strabo on the role of the Caspian Sea in international trade
* Marek Jan, Olbrycht (Poland)
Strabo and the mysterious Ochos - rivers of Central Asia and northeastern Iran in antiquity
* Shakir Pidayev (Uzbekistan)
Commercial and cultural connections of Bactria-Tokharistan with Khorezm (Antiquity and Middle Ages)
* Claude Rapin (France)
Strabo on the trade route from India to the Pont Sea:
Between the mirage of cartography and the reality of archaeology
* Maya Rasulova (Azerbaijan)
Numismatic information about the Transcaucasian arterial route
* Sevda Suleymanova (Azerbaijan)
"The Caspian Gates" in the Albanian province of Lpinia
* Yusuf Yakubov (Tajikistan)
Strabo on the rocks of Sogdia and Bactria during the time of Alexander of Macedonia's invasion

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Tang Shipwreck [from the Maritime Silk Route]

2010-07-01T12:45:00.003+10:00

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/06/tang-shipwreck/worrall-text

National Geographic Magazine, June 2009
Tang Shipwreck
By Simon Worrall
Photograph by Tony Law
A 1,200-year-old shipwreck opens a window on ancient global trade.
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/06/tang-shipwreck/worrall-text
[...]
Heavy with Chinese cargo, the ship that sank off Belitung in the early ninth century was an Arab dhow. The wreck gives scholars an unprecendented time capsule of enterprise on the Maritime Silk Route, for centuries the nexus of international trade. Catching seasonal monsoon winds, merchants and mariners linked the Middle East to China through India and ports of call in between.
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/06/tang-shipwreck/trade-route-illustration

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Trade networks in the Inner-East-Southeast Asian borderlands

2010-06-23T10:06:00.003+10:00

http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=JGH&volumeId=5&issueId=02

"Zomia" is a shorthand reference to the huge, massif of mainland Southeast Asia, running from the Central Highlands of Vietnam westward all the way to northeastern India and including the southwest Chinese provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, and western Guangxi.
http://www.uoft.asiapacificreader.org/index.php?Itemid=36&id=37137&option=com_content&task=view

Zomia is a geographical term [... for] the huge massif of mainland Southeast Asia that has historically been beyond the control of governments based in the population centers of the lowlands.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomia_(geography)

"Zomia and Beyond", a theme issue of the JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HISTORY,
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayIssue?jid=JGH&volumeId=5&issueId=02

Incl.
* Across Zomia with merchants, monks, and musk: process geographies, trade networks, and the Inner-East-Southeast Asian borderlands
C. Patterson Giersch
Journal of Global History, Volume 5, Issue 02, July 2010, pp 215-239

* Borderlands and border narratives: a longitudinal study of challenges and opportunities for local traders shaped by the Sino-Vietnamese border
Sarah Turner
Journal of Global History, Volume 5, Issue 02, July 2010, pp 265-287

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Piracy and trade on the western coast of India (AD 1-250)

2010-06-17T16:08:00.001+10:00

http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a913514062
Piracy and trade on the western coast of India (AD 1-250)
Author: Sunil Gupta
DOI: 10.1080/00672700709480449
Publication Frequency: 3 issues per year
Published in: Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, Volume 42, Issue 1 2007 , pages 37 - 51
Formats available: PDF (English)
Download PDF (2 MB)

Abstract
This paper explores the theme of 'piracy and trade in the Indian Ocean' with respect to the situation prevailing on the western coast of India in the first three centuries AD. References to pirates on the western Indian coastland contained in Graeco-Roman sources such as the Periplus Maris Erythraei (first century AD), the Natural History of Pliny (first century AD) and the Geographia of Ptolemy (second century AD) have been taken at face value and integrated into historical discourse without critical analysis. This study seeks to situate the 'piracy and trade' theme in proper historical perspective; both in the context of the western Indian coastlands and the Indian Ocean in general. The study draws from archaeological surveys of the Konkan and Kanara coastal tracts conducted between 1992-96 and 2000-2002.

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Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century

2010-06-01T15:21:00.001+10:00

http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jwh/14.2/vink.html

Markus Vink. 2003.
"The World's Oldest Trade": Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century.
Journal of World History, June 2003, Vol. 14, No. 2
http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jwh/14.2/vink.html

Abstract:
[...] This article discusses various aspects of Dutch slavery and slave trade in the Indian Ocean: the markets of supply and demand or geographic origins and destinations of slaves; the routes to slavery or the diverse means of recruitment of forced labor; the miscellaneous occupations performed by company and private slaves; the size of Dutch slavery and the volume of the accompanying annual slave trade; and the various forms of slave resistance and slave revolt. The findings presented here are tentative, illustrating broad contours in bold, sweeping strokes. Further research will be necessary to fill in the details and shed new light on the world's oldest trade in the Indian Ocean basin, but the protracted history of silence has finally ended. [...]

Markets of Supply: Origins of Slaves
Markets of Demand: Destinations of Slaves
Routes to Slavery
Slave Occupations
Size of Dutch Slavery and Volume of the Slave Trade
Slave Resistance and Slave Revolt
Conclusion
Notes

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Application of Geo-Informatics to the Study of the Royal Road from Angkor to Phimai

2010-05-31T13:44:00.001+10:00

http://hdl.handle.net/2433/88033

Kyoto University Research Information Repository
Center for Southeast Asian Studies
Southeast Asian Studies Vol.46 No.4
http://hdl.handle.net/2433/88033

File: 460405.pdf, 2.13 MB, Adobe PDF
Title: Application of Geo-Informatics to the Study of the Royal Road from Angkor to Phimai
Authors: Lertlum, Surat & Shibayama, Mamoru

Keywords:
Angkor
archaeology
area study
geo-informatics
Phimai
remote sensing and GIS
royal road

Issue Date:
31-Mar-2009
Publisher:
京都大学東南アジア研究所
Journal title:
東南アジア研究
Volume: 46 Issue: 4
Start page: 547 End page: 563

Abstract:
[...] In this project, archaeological and anthropological knowledge was used together with geo-informatics, information and geo-physics technologies to identify, pinpoint and study the ancient road from Angkor in Cambodia to Phimai in Thailand that is described in the inscription of the Pra Khan temple in Angkor, Cambodia.
Application of geo-informatics to this project revealed the following results:
(1) Application of GIS/RS confirmed the hypothesis proposed by archaeologists based on the Pra Khan inscription that an ancient road once ran from Angkor in Siem Reap area of Cambodia to Phimai in Nakorn Ratchasima, Thailand. In particular, parts of the ancient road were clearly recognized by analyzing the archaeological sites found standing along a line on satellite images and aerial photographs.
(2) Buildings and facilities related with the ancient road, such as ancient bridges, ancient industry sites, and dharmshalas (rest-house chapels), were newly discovered through the same analysis.
(3) Predictions and assumptions derived from RS/GIS methodologies were verified by field surveys conducted by specialists in archaeology, anthropology, and informatics. In other words, RS/GIS methodologies also could be used to decide an area of field survey in advance. [...] This paper describes the role and significance of geo-informatics in the study of the royal road from Angkor to Phimai, presents new findings obtained from application of geo-informatics in archaeological studies, describes how GIS/RS technologies were applied, and discusses effectiveness of applying the satellite image ASTER1) and SRTM2) elevation data in the project.
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2433/88033

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Islam and Tibet: Cultural Interactions along the Musk Routes

2010-04-20T16:27:00.001+10:00

http://warburg.sas.ac.uk/islamtibet/lunchtimelecture.html

Islam and Tibet: Cultural Interactions along the Musk Routes
Warburg Institute Lunchtime lecture - 2 February 2006

In their lunch time lecture Dr. Akasoy and Dr. Yoeli-Tlalim presented four aspects of their research:

[....]
The musk routes: In Arabic literature from the 9th century onwards Tibet is frequently described as the land of musk. A variety of sources attest to the importance of the musk trading routes for the contacts between Islamic and Tibetan cultures. A comparison of the uses of musk in Islamic and Tibetan medicines revealed, for example, that alongside musk as a trading good, ideas of its use travelled as well.
[...]

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BOOK: Casale, G. 2010. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. Oxford U. Press USA.

2010-04-16T09:22:00.000+10:00

Src: H-Net list for Asian History and Culture (H-ASIA--at--H-NET.MSU.EDU)

April 15, 2010

Member Publication: "The Ottoman Age of Exploration" by Giancarlo Casale
**************
From: Giancarlo Casale (glcasale--at--gmail.com)

Dear List Members,

I'm pleased to announce the publication of my new book, The Ottoman Age of
Exploration (Oxford University Press USA, February 25, 2010). Book
description and table of contents follow. Thank you for your indulgence,

Giancarlo Casale

Description:

In 1517, the Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim conquered Egypt and brought
his empire for the first time in history into direct contact with the
trading world of the Indian Ocean. During the decades that followed, the
Ottomans became progressively more engaged in the affairs of this vast and
previously unfamiliar region, eventually to the point of launching a
systematic ideological, military and commercial challenge to the
Portuguese Empire, their main rival for control of the lucrative trade
routes of maritime Asia.

The Ottoman Age of Exploration is the first comprehensive historical
account of this century-long struggle for global dominance, a struggle
that raged from the shores of the Mediterranean to the Straits of Malacca,
and from the interior of Africa to the steppes of Central Asia. Based on
extensive research in the archives of Turkey and Portugal, as well as
materials written on three continents and in a half dozen languages, it
presents an unprecedented picture of the global reach of the Ottoman state
during the sixteenth century. It does so through a dramatic recounting of
the lives of sultans and viziers, spies, corsairs, soldiers-of-fortune,
and women from the imperial harem. Challenging traditional narratives of
Western dominance, it argues that the Ottomans were not only active
participants in the Age of Exploration, but ultimately bested the
Portuguese in the game of global politics by using sea power, dynastic
prestige, and commercial savoir faire to create their own imperial
dominion throughout the Indian Ocean.

Table of Contents:
Introduction: An Empire of the Mind (pp.3-12)
Chapter One: Selim the Navigator, 1512-1520 (pp.13-33)
Chapter Two: Ibrahim Pasha and the Age of Reconnaissance, 1520-1536
(pp.34-52)
Chapter Three: Hadim Süleiman Pasha's World War, 1536-1546 (pp.53-83)
Chapter Four: Rüstem Pasha versus the Indian Ocean Faction, 1546-1561
(pp.84-116)
Chapter Five: Sokollu Mehmed Pasha and the Apogee of Empire, 1561-1579
(pp.117-151)
Chapter Six: A Man, a Plan, a Canal: Mir Ali Beg's Expeditions to the
Swahili Coast, 1579-1589 (pp.152-179)
Chapter Seven: The Death of Politics (pp.180-204)

Notes: pp.205-248
Works Cited: pp.249-270
Index: pp.271-281

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Networks of Trade in the Caucasus, 1750-1925

2010-04-15T13:33:00.000+10:00

http://www.arisc.org/Projects-&-Programs

ARISC Graduate Fellowships 2009-10

The American Research Institute of the Southern Caucasus (ARISC)
announces the recipients of the 2009-10 Graduate Fellowship competition.

- Megan Dean (Stanford University): Neither Empire Nor Nation:
Networks of Trade in the Caucasus, 1750-1925.
[...]
http://www.arisc.org/Projects-&-Programs

"Neither Empire Nor Nation: Networks of Trade in the Caucasus, 1750-1925"
Megan Dean, Ph.D. candidate (Stanford University)
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
5:30pm
ISET building (CRRC)
Zandukeli 16
Tbilisi, Georgia
Megan Dean will be presenting her ongoing research, "Neither Empire Nor Nation: Networks of Trade in the Caucasus, 1750-1925" at Tbilisi's Caucasus Research Resources Center (CRRC) on March 31st at 5:30 pm. Her work probes the limits of identity politics, state control and violence and explores how basic economic exchanges and cultural interactions unfolded in daily life in the Caucasus, a frontier zone of multiple empires. A 2010 recipient of the American Research Institute of the South Caucasus (ARISC) Graduate Fellowship for her research at the National Archives of Georgia, she is also a Ph.D. Candidate in history at Stanford University in California.
http://www.arisc.org/Projects-&-Programs

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

[Online] Publications on Indo-Portuguese History and Culture

2010-04-12T15:03:00.000+10:00

http://www.scribd.com/teodesouza

12 Apr 2010

Professor Teotonio R. de Souza: [Online] Publications on Indo-Portuguese History and Culture

www.scribd.com, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Supplied note:
"Teotonio R. de Souza was born in Goa in 1947. Studied at the University of Poona for Master's and PhD in History (1970-1977). Professed member of the Society of Jesus (1967-1994), collaborated in founding the Xavier Centre of Historical Research, Goa in 1979. PhD guide in History of the Goa University (1985-1994) and visiting Professor of Jnana Deepa Vidyapeeth (Poona) and Vidyajyoti (Delhi). Recovered Portuguese citizenship in 1995. Since 1996ÊProfessor and Head of the Department of History of the Universidade Lusofona in Lisboa. Is fellow of the Portuguese Academy of History since 1983 and of the Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa since 2000. More details of [his] CV may be consulted at http://bit.ly/6flQ9 and the ResearchID with important online publications at http://bit.ly/aBMS9z
Several of his important publications (particularly dispersed and hard to get research articles) during the past 3 and half decades may now be consulted at http://www.scribd.com/teodesouza and http://recil.grupolusofona.pt/items-by-author?author=Souza%2C+Teot%C3%B3nio+R.+de [not covered by this abstract - ed.] They cover the historical and cultural impact of the Portuguese colonial presence in Asia, and more particularly in India. - trs."

Site contents:
* Historical Explorations & Online Documents [The online apers include:]
# Marine Insurance in Indo-Portuguese Trade;

# Bocarro's Account of Goa-based Trade in the Early 17th Century;

# Hajj Without Spice: Akbar and the Portuguese;

# Rojnishi: Maratha history in Portuguese records of Lisbon;

# Embassies and Surrogates: Case-Study of a Malacca Embassy to Siam in 1595;

# Medieval Goa (2009);

# Vasco da Gama and the Later Portuguese Colonial Presence in India;

# Indo-Portuguese numismatics and the Goa Mint (1976);

# Diamond Mines of the Deccan (1996);

# The Portuguese in Goa;

# Goa Archives - Fourth Centenary;

# African Slavery in Goa;

# Hindus and Goan Colonial Economy;

# Between Empires - Review Article;

# Historical Archives.

URL: http://www.scribd.com/teodesouza

Internet Archive: (web.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the time of this abstract - ed.]

Link reported by: Teotonio R. de Souza (teodesouza--at--netcabo.pt)

* Resource type: [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher: [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness: [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
V. Useful
* External links to the resource: [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: over 300

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

The Silk Road e-journal

2009-12-18T22:27:00.002+11:00

http://www.silkroadfoundation.org/toc/newsletter.html

The Silkroad Foundation, Saratoga, CA, US.

Self-description:
"Our journal [published by the Silkroad Foundation www.silkroadfoundation.org, Journal editor: Daniel C. Waug, University of Washington (Seattle)] is dedicated to public education about the history and cultures of Eurasia, especially in pre-modern times. While we invoke the historic "Silk Road" in our title, our view of the Silk Roads is an expansive one, encompassing pre-history, the era beginning with the establishment of trans-Eurasian trade and cultural interaction some two millennia ago, and the subsequent history of those interactions down through the centuries. Modern evocations of cultural traditions are of interest, especially in the areas which historically have been the domain of pastoral nomads. We publish articles by well known scholars and those who have other expertise on the regions and material of interest. Where possible we are communicating the results of the latest research, including new archaeological investigations. The journal also serves as the means to alert readers about upcoming programs connected with Silk Road topics."

Site contents:

* Current Issue! Volume 6 Number 2 Winter/Spring 2009 (# From the editor's desktop, # Korea and the Silk Roads - by Staffan Rosen, # Alexander the Great and the Emergence of the Silk Road - by Yang Juping, # Centaurs on the Silk Road: Recent Discoveries of Hellenistic Textiles in Western China - by Robert A. Jones, # Dialogue among the Civilizations: the Origin of the Three Guardian Deities' Images in Cave 285 Mogao Grottoes - by Zhang Yuanlin, # Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute: Possible Religious Symbolism within the Late-Song Paintings - by Lauren Arnold, # Shrine Pilgrimage among the Uighurs - by Rahilä Dawut);

* Volume 6 Number 1 Summer 2008 (# From the Editor's Desktop: Museums, Entrepreneurship and the Politics of Cultural Identity, # China and Islamic Civilization: Exchange of Techniques and Scientific Ideas - by George Saliba, # Caravan Routes of Iran - by Frank Harold, with photographs by Ruth Harold, # Some Buddhist Finds from Khotan: Materials in the Collections of the State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg - by Julia Elikhina, # The Buddhist Monuments of Adjina-tepa - by Vera Fominikh, # Mediating the Power of the Dharma: the Mongols' Approaches to Reviving Buddhism in Mongolia - by Vesna A. Wallace, # Tricky Representations: Buddhism in the Cinema during Socialism in Mongolia - by Manduhai Buyandelger, # The Tea Horse Road - by Jeff Fuchs);

* Volume 5 Number 2 Winter 2008 (# From the Editor's Desktop: Beyond the Sensational: The Reiss-Engelhorn-Museums' "Origins of the Silk Road", # The 'Silk Roads' Concept Reconsidered: About Transfers: Transportation and Transcontinental Interactions in Prehistory - by Hermann Parzinger, # The Dream and the Glory: Integral Salvage of the Nanhai No. 1 Shipwreck and Its Significance - by Xu Yongjie, # The Byzantine Element in the Turkic Gold Cup with the Tiger Handle Excavated at Boma Xinjiang - by Lin Ying, # Xiongnu Elite Tomb Complexes in the Mongolian Altai: Results of the Mongol-American Hovd Archaeology Project 2007 - by Bryan K. Miller Jamsranjav Bayarsaikhan Tseveendorj Egimaa and Christine Lee, # Excavation of a Xiongnu Satellite Burial - by Jessieca Jones and Veronica Joseph, # The Tahilt Region: A Preliminary Archaeological Survey of the Tahilt Surroundings to Contextualize the Tahilt Cemeteries - by James T. Williams, # Food as Culture: The Kazakh Experience - by Alma Kunanbaeva);

* Volume 5 Number 1 Summer 2007 (# From the Editor's Desktop: Richthofen's "Silk Roads": Toward the Archaeology of a Concept, # Georgia: A Culinary Crossroads - by Darra Goldstein, # Food, Medicine and the Silk Roads: The Mongol-era Exchanges - by Paul D. Buell, # In Search of Mongolian Barbecue - by Debra McCown, # Investigation of a Xiongnu Royal Complex in the Tsaraam Valley. Part 2: The Inventory of Barrow No. 7 and the Chronology of the Site - by Sergei S. Miniaev and Lidiia M. Sakharovskaia, # A Chinese Inscription from a Xiongnu Elite Barrow in the Tsaraam Cemetery - by Michele Pirazzoli-t'Serstevens, # On Ancient Tracks in Eastern Anatolia - by Frank Harold, with photographs by Ruth Harold, # Dzchingis Khan und seine Erben (Chingis Khan and His Legacy) - reviewed by Florian Schwarz, # Conference Report: Marking the Centenary of Dunhuang - by Daniel Waugh, # Upcoming programs);

* Volume 4 Number 2 Winter 2006 - 2007 (# From the Editor, # News from Ancient Afghanistan, # Bamiyan 2006: The Fifth Excavation Campaign of Prof. Tarzi's Mission - by Zemaryalai Tarzi, # Balkh and the Plains of Turkestan - by Frank Harold, with photographs by Ruth Harold, # Further Evidence for the Interpretation of the 'Indian Scene' in the Pre-Islamic Paintings at Afrasiab (Samarkand) - by Matteo Compareti, # Mapping Early Buddhist Sites in Western Tibet: Recent Findings from Tsamda County, China - by Karl E. Ryavec, # Han Lacquerware and the Wine Cups of Noin Ula - by Francois Louis, # Trade and Commerce on the Silk Road after the End of Mongol Rule in China, Seen from Chinese Texts - by Ralph Kauz, # Hunting Hounds along the Silk Road-Which Way Did They Go? - by Sir Terence Clark, # A Thousand Years on the Silk Road: Epic Poetry and Music from the Kyrgyz Republic - by Rysbai Isakov, Akylbek Kasabolotov, and Helen Faller);

* Volume 4 Number 1 Summer 2006 (# From the Editor, # Boris Il'ich Marshak, 1933-2006 - by Daniel Waugh, # The Rock Art of Mongolia - by Esther Jacobson-Tepfer, # The Origins of the Great Wall - by Nicola di Cosmo, # Archaeological Investigations of Xiongnu Sites in the Tamir River Valley: Results of the 2005 Joint American-Mongolian Expedition to Tamiryn Ulaan Khoshuu, Ogii nuur, Arkhangai aimag, Mongolia - by David E. Purcell and Kimberly C. Spurr, # The Challenges of Preserving Evidence of Chinese Lacquerware in Xiongnu Graves - by Daniel Waugh, # The Date of the TLV Mirrors from the Xiongnu Tombs - by Guolong Lai, # Foreign Tribes in the Xiongnu Confederation - by Zagd Batsaikhan, # Investigation of a Xiongnu Royal Tomb Complex in the Tsaraam Valley - by Sergei S. Miniaev and L. M. Sakharovskaia, # Archaeology of the Mongolian Period: A Brief Introduction - by D. Tumen, D. Navaan and M. Erdene, # Tombs of Chingisids Are Still Being Found... An Interview with Senior Archaeologist, Professor Dorjpagma Navaan, # The August Hermann Francke and Hans Kör Collection: Archaeological Finds from Khotan in the Munich State Museum of Ethnography - by Ulf TODO, # Digital Collections: New Additions to Silk Road Seattle);

* Volume 3 Number 2 December 2005 (# From the Editor - by Daniel Waugh, # The International Dunhuang Project, # Monuments in the Desert: A Note on Economic and Social Roots of the Development of Buddhism along the Silk Road, # Solidi in China and Monetary Culture along the Silk Road, # Silk Road or Paper Road?, # East Meets West under the Mongols, # Two Travelers in Yazd, # Kyrgyz Healing Practices: Some Field Notes);

* Volume 3 Number 1 June 2005 (# From the Editor - by Daniel Waugh, # Xinjiang: China's Pre- and Post-Modern Crossroad - by Dru Gladney, # Uyghur Art Music and the Ambiguities of Chinese Silk Roadism in Xinjiang - by James A. Millward, # The Polychrome Rock Paintings in the Altay Mountains - by Wang Binghua, # Viticulture and Viniculture in the Turfan Region - by Xinru Liu, # Annotated Bibliography of the History and Culture of Eastern Turkistan, Jungharia/Zungaria/ Dzungaria, Chinese Central Asia, and Sinkiang/Xinjiang - by Nathan Light, # Bactrian Camels and Bactrian-Dromedary Hybrids - by Daniel Potts, # One of the Last Documents of the Silk Road: The Khataynameh of Ali Akbar - by Ralph Kauz);

* Volume 2 Number 2 December 2004 (# The Maikop Treasure - by Aleksandr Leskov, # In Celebration of Aleksandr Leskov - by Aleksandr Naymark, # Greeks, Amazons, and Archaeology - by James F. Vedder, # Archaeological GIS in Central Asia - by Mariner Padwa & Sebastian Stride, # Archaeological GIS and Oasis Geography in the Tarim Basin - by Mariner Padwa, # An Archaeological GIS of the Surkhan Darya Province (Southern Uzbekistan) - by Sebastian Stride, # Methods and Perspectives for Ancient Settlement Studies in the Middle Zeravshan Valley - by Bernardo Rondelli & Simone Mantellini, # Reasoning with GIS : Tracing the Silk Road and the Defensive Systems of the Murghab Delta (Turkmenistan) - by Barbara Cerasetti, # Evolving the Archaeological Mapping of Afghanistan - by Mariner Padwa, # Storing and Sharing Central Asian GIS: The Alexandria Archive - by Eric Kansa, # The Search for the Origins of the Jew's Harp - by Michael Wright, # Excavation and Survey in Arkhangai and Bulgan Aimaqs, Mongolia July 20-August 17, 2005);

* Volume 2 Number 1 June 2004 (# From the Editor - by Daniel Waugh, # Archaeological Explorations of Bronze Age Pastoral Societies in the Mountains of Eastern Eurasia - by Michael D. Frachetti, # On the Antiquity of the Yurt: Evidence from Arjan and Elsewhere - by David Stronach, # The Burial Rite: an Expression of Sogdian Beliefs and Practices - by Guitty Azarpay, # Palmyra as a Caravan City - by Albert E. Dien, # The "Ancient Tea and Horse Caravan Road," the "Silk Road" of Southwest China - by Yang Fuquan, # Klavdiia Antipina -- a Tribute to the Ethnographer of the Kyrgyz - by John L. Sommer, # Mongolia: a different view - by Morris Rossabi, # British Library Symposium on "The Kingdom of Khotan to AD 1000: A Meeting of Cultures" - by Richard Salomon, # Guidelines for Contributors);

* Volume 1 Number 2 December 2003 (# From the Editor - by Daniel Waugh, # The Archaeology of Sogdiana - by Boris I. Marshak, # Returning to Varakhsha - by Aleksandr Naymark, # Sogdians in China: A Short History and Some New Discoveries - by Etienne de la Vaissiere, # The Pre-Islamic Civilization of the Sogdians (seventh century BCE to eighth century CE): A Bibliographic Essay (studies since 1986) - by Frantz Grenet, # Bamiyan: Professor Tarzi's Survey and Excavation Archaeological Mission, 2003 - by Zemaryalai Tarzi, # 'Knowing the Road That Leads You Home': Family, Genealogy, and Migration in Post-Socialist Kazakhstan? - by Saulesh Yessenova, # Among the Kazakhs of Xinjiang - by Bob Jones, # Announcements);

* Volume 1 Number 1 January 15, 2003 (# Welcome to the First Issue! - by Roger L. Olesen, # Sheba@Saba- Trading.com: A Yemeni Trading Link Three Thousand Years Old - by Diana Pickworth, # The Origin of Chess and the Silk Road - by Horst Remus, # The Mongols and the Silk Road - by John Masson Smith, Jr., # Age of Mongolian Empire: A Bibliographical Essay - by Paul D. Buell, # Lecture Summary: "Genesis of the Indo-Iranians: Archaeological and Linguistic Aspects" - by Professor Elena Kuzmina, # Letters).

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

The Asian Spice/Ceramics Trade in Pre-European Era

2009-12-07T09:53:00.009+11:00

http://ceramics.chalre.com/highlights.htm

"Trade within Southeast Asia has existed since the Han dynasty (25BC - 220AD). [...]

Manufactured goods such as silk and cotton textiles, iron implements, Porcelain and cash coins from China were exchanged for mainly native products of tropical countries. These Southeast Asian products included plant-based goods (such as spices, herbal medicines and hardwoods), exotic rarities (like pearls, precious stones, colourful bird feathers and animal tusks) and raw materials (sulfur, animal hides, copper, tin and raw cotton).

Of thousands of products traded, Ceramics reigns supreme today because of its remarkable ability to preserve itself in mint condition even after being submerged in the sea or buried in the soil for hundreds of years.

Ceramics tell the story of how the peoples of Asia forged social and commercial ties with each other over the past 1,000 years.
[...]"

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Marine Insurance in the Late Middle Ages

2009-12-06T12:15:00.003+11:00

http://www.jehps.net/Juin2007/Ceccarelli_Risk.pdf

Ceccarelli, Giovanni. 2007.
The Price for Risk-Taking: Marine Insurance and Probability Calculus in the Late Middle Ages. Electronic Journal for History of Probability and Statistics (ISSN 1773-0074) vol. 3 no. 1 Juin/June 2007.
http://www.jehps.net/Juin2007/Ceccarelli_Risk.pdf

Abstract
The practice of marine insurance allowed late Medieval merchants to evaluate various of factors of risk involved in the sea trade, either structural or contingent, as can be shown through a detailed inquiry mainly based on the Datini archives in Prato. Although businessmen did not develop a notion of probability in a strict "statistical" sense, they made use of various levels of "probabilistic reasoning", depending on the degree of uncertainty that they had to face.

[G. Ceccarelli - Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Economia, Via J.F. Kennedy, I - 43100 Parma, gcecca--at--hotmail.com]

A 350KB document.

Binliography:
350KB
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della moneta e della mercatura de’ Fiorentini fino al secolo XVI, vol. 2, Bologna, Forni,
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Cavaciocchi, Florence, Le Monnier, 2006, p. 1187-1199.

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(secc. XIV-XVI) », in Identità civica e comportamenti socio-economici tra Medioevo ed Età
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[Daveggia, 1963] Claudio Daveggia, « Una nuova forma assicurativa medievale: la polizza in
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d'Aragona nel secolo XV, Naples, L’Arte tipografica, 1972.

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[Edler De Roover, 1945] Florence Edler de Roover, « Early Examples of Marine Insurance »,
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Pascal, Baltimore-London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001

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el siglo 15: 1410-1525, Valencia: Edicions Alfons el Magnanim, 1989; Spanish transaltion of
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[Melis, 1975b] F. Melis, « Sulla nazionalità del commercio marittimo Inghilterra-Mediterraneo, negli anni attorno al 1400 », in I trasporti e le comunicazioni nel Medioevo, 81-101, esp. 88-94 (originally published in 1975)

[Nigro, 2003] G. Nigro, Mercanti in Maiorca. Il Carteggio datiniano dall’isola (1387-1396),
Florence, Le Monnier, 2003.

[North, 1990] D. C. North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance,
Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990.

[Origo, 1997] I. Origo, Il mercante di Prato (Milan: Rizzoli, 1997), Italian translation of The
Merchant of Prato, London, Jonathan Cape, 1957.

[Piattoli, 1940] L. Piattoli, « Ricerche intorno all’assicurazione nel medioevo VI: Due liti
assicurative tra Italiani in Londra del 1464-65 », Assicurazioni, 7, 1940, p. 165-176.

[Piron, 2004] S. Piron, « L’apparition du resicum en Méditerranée Occidental, XIIe-XIIIe
siècles,” in Pour une histoire culturelle du risque. Genèse, évolution, actualité du concept
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Editions Histoire et Anthropologie, 2004, p. 59-76.

[Schneider, 1981] I. Schneider, « Why Do We Find the Origin of a Calculus of Probabilities
in the Seventeenth Centuries? », in Probabilistic Thinking, Thermodynamics, and the
Interaction of the History of Philosophy of Science: Proceedings of the 1978 Pisa conference
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[Spooner, 1983] F. C. Spooner, Risk at Sea: Amsterdam Insurance and Maritime Europe,
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[Tenenti, 1985] A. Tenenti, « Componenti ed evoluzione dei tassi assicurativi mediterranei
nel secolo XVI », in Contributi del convegno di studi: Aspetti della vita economica
medievale, (Firenze-Pisa-Prato), 10-14 marzo 1984, Florence, E. Ariani and L’arte della
stampa, 1985.

[Tenenti & Tenenti, 1985] A. Tenenti and B. Tenenti, Il prezzo del rischio. L’assicurazione
mediterranea vista da Ragusa: 1563-1591, Rome, Jouvence, 1985.

[Travaini, 2003] Lucia Travaini, Monete, mercanti e matematica: le monete medievali nei
trattati di aritmetica e nei libri di mercatura, Rome, Jouvence 2003.

[Tucci, 1985] U. Tucci, « I trasporti terrestri e marittimi nell’Italia dei secoli XIV e XV », in
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Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Via Egnatia: An Ancient Roman Road Through The Balkans

2009-11-06T12:58:00.002+11:00

http://www.viaegnatia.net/

"The via Egnatia is the name by which the Romans defined and structured the East-to-West route of this network, starting from the II century B. C.

Such route was of strategic importance both in ancient times and today, when the flow of the sources of energy and the information, which are crucial to the development of many continental areas, are more evident.

What was the function of the ancient via Egnatia may be found today in two slightly different positions: either northwards, under the name of Corridor 8, a connection project aimed at linking Bulgaria, Macedonia and Albania from the Black Sea through the bench marks of Varna, Burgas, Sofia, Skopje, Durazzo, with the exclusion of the modern Greece and the Thessalonica harbour; or, somehow in alternative, more southwards, by keeping its name and following, in its final section, another ancient route which, from Larissa junction, led to the Ionian Sea (the Nea Egnatia, with its harbour at Igoumenitsa).

The need to tackle the problem of the topographical reconstruction of such route with a systematic and analytic approach, far from being solved, is at the roots of the book published by Michele Fasolo. The first volume specifically aims at recovering, re-examining and updating the knowledge of Via Egnatia and the ancient path that preceded it, known in the Roman age as a road of Candavia, in the Albanian central region, running from the Adriatic coast to the area of Ochrida lake and, more eastwards, until the ancient town of Herakleia Lynkestidos in Macedonia."

Michele Fasolo, La via Egnatia I. Da Apollonia e Dyrrachium ad Herakleia Lynkestidos, Roma, 2003, 288 pp.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Kitab - History and Culture of Southern Uzbekistan

2009-08-31T11:50:00.000+10:00

http://www.kitab.uz
31 Aug 2009

www.kitab.uz, Termez, Uzbekistan.

Self-description:
"KITAB.UZ is a website [est. in Sep 2007 by Otabek OGULYAMOV - ed.] dedicated to creation and maintenance of digital historical, literal and cultural works about Southern Uzbekistan. Scholars, students and all individuals who are interested in the following topics are welcomed to browse our pages."

Site contents:
* Archaeology (incl. articles such as : #Kampirtepa - the Greek crossing on the Amudarya, #Chag'oniyonga sayohat, #Budrach xarobasidan topilgan o'rta asrlarga oid bronza buyumlar xazinasi, #Central Asia in the Kushan Period - archaeological studies by Soviet scholars, #Termez, #Ayrtam, #Kampyr Tepe-Pandokheion - Les Grecs ont traverse l'Oxus, #Shimoli-g'arbiy Tohariston rivojlangan o'rta asrlar davri moddiy madaniyati - Arxeologiya va yozma manbalar asosida, #O'rta Osiyo arxeologining shakllanishi);
* Ethnography (incl. articles such as: #Traditional Kashkadarya Female Clothing of the First Half of the 20th Century, #The multimedia compact disk 'Boysun', #Taqinchoqlar yaratilishi va tarqalishi tarixidan - Surxondaryo viloyati misolida, XIX asr oxiri XX asr boshlari, #Kiyimlar bilan bog'liq urf-odatlar, #Ayollar pardozi tarixidan);
* Kongrats [results of a research project "The Kongrat group identities throughout contemporary Central Asia. Changes and continuities in 'tribal' culture": Research Guide, Illustrations);
* History (incl. articles such as: #Dichtung als Quelle der Untersuchung des staedtischen Selbstbewusstseins der Menschen im Mittelalter, #Timurids and Termez Sayyids, #Balxdagi Navbahor ibodathonasi haqida tarixiy ma'lumotlar, #Hoshimgird shahri nomining kelib chikishi masalasiga doir); * Vocabulary [An encyclopaedic dictionary, from A: A Rise of Mangits (1747-1758), Achaemenids, Agriculture (Bactria), Agriculture (Hellenic Period), Airtam, Ak-Astana-Bobo Mausoleum, Amu Darya Treasure, The, Anakhita, Ancient Bactria, Ancient Cults, Antique City, Antique Sources, Arab Conquest, Archeology of Termez, Architecture in the Kushan Period, Armenian Sources, Army and Arms (Hellenic Period), Army and Arms (Kushan Epoch), Army and Arms (the State of Amir Temur), Art Metal (Early Middle Ages), Art Metal Working (Hellenic Period), through M: Machay Grotto, Madrasah of Seyid Atalik, Manichaeism, Mausoleum of Khakimi at-Termezi, Medieval Christian Temple in Termez, Medieval Jewellery, Mesolithic Period, The, Metallurgy and Art Metal, Modern Termez, Mukanna's Revolt, Murals of Balalik-Tepa, Murals of Khalchayan, Musa b. Abdallah, Music and Musical Instruments, to Z: Zaraut-Kamar, Zoroastrian Deities, Zoroastrianism - ed.];
* Image Library [Southern Uzbekistan Historical Database: 884 photographs - ed.];
* Search.

[A site, predominantly in English, with occasional elements in French, German, Uzbek, and Russian - ed.]

URL http://www.kitab.uz/

Internet Archive http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.kitab.uz/

Link reported by: T Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at--coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study/Documents
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Other
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
V.Useful
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 300

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Charles Wheeler, "A Maritime Logic to Vietnamese History? Littoral Society in Hoi An's Trading World c.1550-1830."

2009-07-23T13:52:00.001+10:00

http://www.historycooperative.org/proceedings/seascapes/wheeler.html

Charles Wheeler, "A Maritime Logic to Vietnamese History? Littoral Society
in Hoi An's Trading World c.1550-1830." Paper presented at _Seascapes,
Littoral Cultures, and Trans-Oceanic Exchanges_, Library of Congress,
Washington D.C., February 12-15, 2003.
http://www.historycooperative.org/proceedings/seascapes/wheeler.html

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

The Virtual Encyclopaedia of Portuguese Expansion / A Enciclopedia Virtual da Expansao Portuguesa

2009-06-03T11:32:00.001+10:00

http://www.cham.fcsh.unl.pt/eve/index.php?lang=en

03 Jun 2009

Centro de Historia de Alem-Mar (CHAM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa & Universidade dos Acores [Azores], Portugal

Self-description:
"The Virtual Encyclopaedia of Portuguese Expansion is a project developed by the Centre for Overseas History, an interuniversity research unit of the Faculty of Social and Human Sciences of the New University of Lisbon and the University of the Azores. The project makes available multimedia contents of a scientific, educational, and cultural nature on the history of the discoveries and the Portuguese expansion.
The Virtual Encyclopaedia of Portuguese Expansion is meant for a broad audience both within and outside Portugal, including secondary school students, university students and researchers, social communication professionals, and all those interested in the history of the discoveries and the Portuguese expansion.
The Virtual Encyclopaedia of Portuguese Expansion offers articles, images, maps, chronologies, and genealogies of a condensed nature, but endowed with great scientific authority and reliability. It is continually being expanded and updated. The materials are produced by professors and researchers from the academia and validated by a scientific committee composed of the most renowned national and foreign historians. The project covers a vast geographical area which extends from the Azores to Japan, and a period of time from the beginning of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century.
The bilingual [PT/EN - ed.] nature of the Virtual Encyclopaedia of Portuguese Expansion makes it an indispensable means for the international dissemination of the history and historiography of the Portuguese presence around the world (though, for technical reasons, the online availability of English-language translations might not keep pace with the Portuguese entries, and vice versa). The national character of the Portuguese expansive enterprise is emphasized, along with its integration into a wider European context and its importance for a new emerging European consciousness which is now suspended between criticism and apology for the process of Western expansion."

Site contents [as of early June 2009 - ed.]:
* Anthroponyms (Abreu, Luis de - Adami, Joao Mateus - Adao de Hizen [...] - Vieira, Sebastiao - Vilela, Gaspar - Zola, Joao Baptista)
* Arts (Azamor, frescos da Tomada de - Carpets, Spain - Tapetes, Turkey - Carpets, Turkey "Bellini" - Carpets, Turkey "Holbein" - Carpets, Turkey "Lotto" - Carpets, Turkey "Ushak" - Chinoiserie - Indo-Portuguese, art - Saint, Francis Xavier, Tomb - Sino-Portuguese, art - Wire rods of gold paper)
* Literature (Almanach Perpetuum - Antonil, Padre Andre Joao - Aristotelianism in Natural Philosophy - Barbosa, Duarte de - Barros, Joao de - Castanheda, Fernao Lopes de - Correia, Gaspar - Frois, Luis - Gois, Damiao de - Lagoa, 4.o Visconde de - Ptolemy's Geography: Graphic Syntax and Projections);
* Politics (AlcAcovas-Toledo, Treaty of - Convention of Goa - Daikan - Diplomacy in the Restoration Period - General Captaincy of Azores - Portugal and Italian Cities (14th-16th Centuries) - Portuguese-British Treaty - Portuguese-English Bilateral Relations - Treaty of Westminster);
* Products (Elephants - Glue - Tea - Tobacco);
* Religion;
* Themes and Facts (Almanacs - Astronomical Navigation - Astronomical Tables - Balestilha - Books of Route - Cartography - Compass - Dutch blockades of Goa - Equador - Height East-West - Height Navigation - India Fleet of 1500 - India Run - Itineraries - Log-books - Loxodromic line - Incindent of Madre Deus - Mocambique, Prazos da Coroa de - Mozambique, Dutch sieges of - Naus, Ribeira das - Nautical Guides - Navy Books - Portolano - Portuguese Nautical Science - Quadrant - Regiment - Rules of Evora - Rules of Munique - Rules of the South Cruise - Secret of Secrets - Shipboard Books - Treaty of Sphere - Zenith Distance - 'Genoese World Map' drawn in 1457);
* Toponyms (Georeferencing - Achem - Adem - Agadir - Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gue - AlcAcer Ceguer - AlcAcer-Quibir - Angra do Heroismo - Ano Bom island - Arguim - Arzila - Ayuthia - Azamor - Bacaim - Baia CabrAlia - Barcelor - Beijing - Belem do ParA - Benguela - Bissau - Brazil - Cacheu - Calicute - Cananor - Cantao - Cape of Good Hope - Ceuta - Ceylon - Chaul - Chicova - Colombo, city of - Coulao - Damao - Dili - Diu - Fernando Po island - Fort Cochin - Fukuda - Funchal - Goa - Hirado - Horta - Ielala, Rocks - Kagoshima - Kupang - Kyoto - Lagos - Lisbon - Luanda - Macau - Madeira - Malacca - Manaus - Mangalor - Mariana - Mascate - Mazagao - Meliapor - Melinde - Mogi, city of - Monbasa - Mocambique island - Mumbai - Nagasaki, city of - Natal - Oita - Omura - Onor - Ormus - Osaka - Ouro Preto - Pegu - Pernambuco - Pernambuco - Ponta Delgada - Praia (Azores) - Praia (Cape Verde) - Prince island - Quelimane - Quiloa - Ribeira Grande (Cape Verde) - Rio de Janeiro - Rios de Sena - Sacramento (Uruguai) - Safi - Sagres - Saint Helena, island - Salvador (Bahia) - Sao Jorge da Mina - Sao Luis do Maranhao - Sao Nicolau, ilha de - Sao Paulo - S. Tome island - Sena - Shimabara - Sion - Socotra island - Sofala - Tangier - Tete - Tokyo - Yokoseura, city of - Zumbo);
* Bibliographies;
* Chronology (British Presence in Asia - Exploration of the Atlantic - Portuguese presence in Morocco and the Mediterranean);
* Currencies/Weights/Measures;
* Genealogies;
* Lists (Achem: Sultans - AlcAcer Ceguer: Captains and Governors - Angamale: Bishops - Angola: Bishops - Angra: Bishops - Arguim: Captains and Governors - Asilah: Captains and Governors - Azemmour: Captains and Governors - Azores: General Captains - Bahia: Bishops - Brazil: Captains - Brazil: Governors and Vice-Roys - Cabo Verde: Bishops - Ceuta: Bishops - Ceuta: Captains and Governors - China: Vice-Provincials - China: Mission Superiors - Cochin: Bishops - Congo: Bishops - Cranganore: Bishops - CuiabA (Prelazia): Bishops - Ethiopia: Bishops - Flores and Corvo: Donatary Captains - Funchal: Bishops - Goa: Bishops, Archbishpos and Patriarchs - Goa: Provincials and Vice-provincials - Goias (Prelazia): Bishops - Capitaes e Governadores de Mocambique - Graciosa: Donatary Captains - India Fleets of the Reign of Filipe I - India Fleets of the Reign of Afonso VI - India Fleets of the Reign of D.HenriqueI - India Fleets of the Reign of Filipe II - India Fleets of the Reign of Filipe III - India Fleets of the Reign of Joao III - India Fleets of the Reign of Joao IV - India Fleets of the Reign of Joao V - India Fleets of the Reign of Jose I - India Fleets of the Reign of Manuel I - India Fleets of the Reign of Pedro II - India Fleets of the Reign of Sebastiao I - India Provinces: Visitors - India Run: Captains and Capitaes-Mor - India: Governors and Vice-roys - Japan and China: Visitors - Japan: Bishops - Japan: Provincials and Vice-Provincials - Japan: Mission Superiors - Macao: Bishops - Macau: Governors and General Captains - Madeira (Funchal) island: Donatary Captains - Madeira (Machico) island: Donatary Captains - Madeira island: General Captains - Malabar:Provincials and Vice-Provincials - Malacca: Bishops - Malacca: Captains - Maranhao: Vice-Provincials - Maranhao: Bishops - Mariana: Bishops - Mazagan: Captains and Governors - Meliapor: Bishops - Mogador: Captains and Governors - Morocco: Bishops - Mozambique (Prelazia): Bishops - Nanjing: Bishops - Olinda: Bishops - Pacem: Sultans - ParA: Bishops - Peking: Bishops - Philippines: Governors - Pico and Faial islands: Donatary Captains - Rio Janeiro: Bishops - Safi: Captains and Governors - Samudera: Sultans - Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gue (Agadir): Captains and Governors - Sta. Maria and S. Miguel: Donatary Captains - Santa Maria island: Donatary Captains - S. Miguel island: Donatary Captains - S. Paulo: Bishops - S.Tome e Principe island: Donatary Captains - S. Tome: Bishops - Society of Jesus: Generals - Solor: Governors - Solor: Major Captains - Tangier: Bishops - Tangier: Captains and Governors - Terceira and S. Jorge: Donatary Captains - Terceira (Praia) island: Donatary Captains - Timor: Governors - Timor: Major Captains);
* Search (Free Search - Search alphabetically - Thematic Search - Auxiliary);
* Contacts;
* Credits (President of the Executive Board, Scientific Coordination, Executive Board, Scientific Committee, Support).

URL http://www.cham.fcsh.unl.pt/eve/index.php?lang=en

Link reported by:
Andre Monteiro (244457--at--soas.ac.uk), forwarded by h-luso-africa--at--h-net.msu.edu and J. B. Owens (owenjack--at--isu.edu), forwarded by trade-routes--at--mm.isu.edu

Internet Archive (web.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the time of this abstract]

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - govt. - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Essential
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000 - under 300 - under 100 - under 30]:
under 30

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Inde-Asie centrale : routes du commerce et des idées

2009-05-12T11:01:00.002+10:00

http://asiecentrale.revues.org/index400.html

Les Cahiers d'Asie Centrale 1/2 | 1996
========================

Table of Contents

Pierre Chuvin
Les Cahiers d’Asie centrale : naissance d’une revue

Dossier. Inde-Asie centrale : routes du commerce et des idées

De la géographie à l’histoire

Audrey Burton - Itinéraires commerciaux et militaires entre Boukhara et l’Inde
Marchands et artisans
Claude Rapin - Relations entre l’Asie centrale et l’Inde à l’époque hellénistique
Sanjyot Mehendale - Begram: along ancient Central Asia and Indian trade routes
Frantz Grenet - Les marchands sogdiens dans les mers du Sud à l’époque préislamique
Razia Mukminova - Les routes caravanières entre villes de l’Inde et de l’Asie centrale : déplacements des artisans et circulation des articles artisanaux
Maria Szuppe - En quête de chevaux turkmènes. Le journal de voyage de Mîr ‘Izzatullâh de Delhi à Boukhara en 1812-1813
K. Warikoo - Trade Relations between Central Asia ans Kashmir Himalayas during the Dogra Period (1846-1947)

De l’architecture à la musique

Galina Pugačenkova - La genèse centre-asiatique des minarets indiens
Monique Kervran - Entre l’Inde et l’Asie centrale : les mausolées islamiques du Sind et du sud Penjab
Aleksandr Džumaev - Migrations des musiciens des villes de Transoxiane et développement de la science musicale en Inde (XVIe-XVIIe siècles)

Les religions et leurs fidèles

Margarita Filanovič and Zamira Usmanova - Les frontières occidentales de la diffusion du bouddhisme en Asie centrale
Jürgen Paul - Influences indiennes sur la naqshbandiyya d’Asie centrale ?
Bahtijar Babadžanov- Zahîr al-Dîn Muhammad Mîrzâ Bâbur et les Shaykh Naqshbandî de Transoxiane
Thierry Zarcone - Une route de sainteté islamique entre l’Asie centrale et l’Inde : la voie Ush-Kashgar-Srinaga

Lectures politiques de l’Asie centrale
Boris Kočnev - Les Moghols et l’Asie centrale, à travers les monnaies de Shâh Jahân figurant dans les trésors centre-asiatiques
Marc Gaborieau - L’Asie centrale dans l’horizon de l’Inde au début du XXe siècle : à propos d’une lettre de Sayyid Ahmad Barelwî à l’émir de Boukhara
Gilles Boquerat - Du bond en avant au retour en arrière, évolution de la perception indienne de l’Asie centrale au cours du XXe siècle

Vue de l’extérieur
Michel Tardieu - Le Tibet de Samarcande et le pays de Kûsh : mythes et réalités d’Asie centrale chez Benjamin de Tudèle
Jean-Louis Bacqué-Grammont - Les routes d’Asie centrale d’après le Cihân-Nümâ de Kâtib Çelebî

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Maharashtra District and State Gazetteers, India

2009-03-31T12:51:00.000+11:00

http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/
31 Mar 2009

Maharashtra District and State Gazetteers

Gazetteers Department, Govt of Maharashtra, Mumbai, India.

Self-description:
"[This set of online Gazetteers] not only includes a comprehensive description of the physical and natural features of a region but also a broad narrative of the social, political, economic and cultural life of the people living in a district. The topics on physical features, material resources, history, customs and manners of the people, trade, agriculture, industries, communication [incl. information on historical roads and trade routes of the region - ed.], administrative departments, voluntary social organisations and places of interest in a district are covered. [...] Compilation and publication of the revised District Gazetteers edition was started in 1949."

Site contents [free access, online documents in PDF and html formats]:
* District Gazetteers (1 Aurangabad 1977; 2 Poona 1954; 3 Jalgaon 1962; 4 Ratnagiri 1962; 5 Satara 1963; 6 Kolaba 1964; 7 Nagpur 1966; 8 Parbhani 1967; 9 Amravati 1968; 10 Beed 1969; 11 Sangli 1969; 12 Nanded 1971; 13 Osmanabad 1972; 14 Chandrapur 1972; 15 Dhule 1974; 16 Wardha 1974; 17 Yavatmal 1974; 18 Nashik 1975; 19 Buldhana 1976; 20 Ahmednagar 1976; 21 Solapur 1977; 22 Akola 1977; 23 Kolhapur 1960; 24 Bhandara 1979; 25 Thane 1982; 26 Greater Bombay Part I 1987; 27 Greater Bombay Part II 1987; 28 Greater Bombay Part III 1987); * Gazetteers (in Marathi); * Supplements; * Source Material for a History of the Freedom movement in India; * State Gazetteers (1 Botany Part - I, Medicinal Plants 1953; 2 Botany Part - II, Timbers 1957; 3 Botany Part -III, Miscellaneous Plants 1961; 4 History Part - 1, Ancient Period 1967; 5 History Part - 3, Maratha Period 1968; 6 Maharashtra:Land and its People 1968; 7 Language and Literature 1970; 8 History Part -II, Medieval Period 1972; 9 Fauna 1974; 10 Botany and Flora of Maharashtra 1987; 11 History of Bombay: Modern Period 1987); Reprints of Gazetteers [of the British regime (1874 to 1913)] ((1-3 Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island (1909) Part I-III; 4 Ratnagiri and Sawantwadi District Gazetteer (1880); 5 Khandesh District Gazetteer (1880); 6 Thana District Gazetteer Part I (1882); 7 Thana District Gazetteer Part II (1882); 8 Thana District Gazetteer Part III (1882); 9 Nashik District Gazetteer (1883); 10 Kolaba District Gazetteer (1883); 11 Satara District Gazetteer (1884); 12 Solapur District Gazetteer (1884); 13 Poona District Gazetteer Part I (1885); 14 Poona District Gazetteer Part II (1885); 15 Poona District Gazetteer Part III (1885); 16 Kolhapur District Gazetteer (1886); 17 Ahmednagar District Gazetteer (1884); # Gazetteers of Central Provinces and Berar; 1 Wardha District Gazetteer (1906); 2 Yeotmal District Gazetteer (1908); 3 Buldhana District Gazetteer (1910); 4 Akola District Gazetteer (1910); 5 Amravati District Gazetteer (1911); 6 Nagpur District Gazetteer (1908); 7 Bhandara District Gazetteer (1908); 8 Chanda District Gazetteer (1909); # Gazetteer of The NizamÕs Dominions (Marathwada Region); 1 Aurangabad District Gazetteer (1884)); * About Department.

URL http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/

Internet Archive http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/

Link reported by: T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at--coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Government
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
V.Useful
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Silk Road, Cotton Road or . . . . Indo-Chinese Trade in Pre-European Times

2009-01-16T10:07:00.000+11:00

STEPHEN F. DALE "Silk Road, Cotton Road or . . . . Indo-Chinese Trade in Pre-European Times". Modern Asian Studies, Published online by Cambridge University Press doi:10.1017/S0026749X07003277

Modern Asian Studies Vol. 43 Issue 01, pp 79-88.

"Silk Road, Cotton Road or . . . . Indo-Chinese Trade in Pre-European Times"
STEPHEN F. DALE

OSU Department of History, 367 Dulles Hall, 230 West 17th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Email: dale.1--at--osu.edu

Abstract
India and China were the most important producers of textiles in the world prior to the industrial revolution. However, whereas the Western historiography usually discusses Indian cotton and Chinese silk in connection with European imports, or with their sales in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East, cotton and silk were also exchanged between India and China. Indeed, Indian cotton and Chinese silk were probably the principal manufactured goods exchanged between these civilizations. Although Indian records are fragmentary, especially when compared with the voluminous Chinese sources, Indian cotton goods are known to have reached the Indianized states in Xinjiang in the early Common Era (CE), and may have been produced there, in Khotan and the neighbouring states, by the time that indigenous silk production was known to exist in India in the fourth and fifth centuries CE. Yet, while in later centuries large amounts of cotton cloth were produced in China while indigenous centres of silk production developed in India, exchanges of the finest types of cotton and silk cloth continued, usually driven by cultural and social factors in each civilization.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

The Great [China-Russia 19th c.] Tea Route

2009-01-15T17:32:00.001+11:00

http://www.tearoad.ru/

15 Jan 2009

The Great [China-Russia] Tea Route

www.tearoad.ru, Ulan-ude, Republic of Buryatia, Russia.

Self-description: "The project 'Great Tea Route' aims to use the rich
cultural and historical heritage of the vast territory of Eurasia,
associated with the [bygone] era of the trade routes for tourism
development, [...]."

Site contents:
* Events (Baikal meeting of the project, The Fifth International
Tourism Forum, Business meeting of the project participants in the
Perm region, 2009); * Documents [on tourism development]; * On the Tea
Route (History, Geography [incl. a map of the 19th c. Asia's tea
routes at http://tearoad.ru/WT/sites/tearoad/misc/map2.jpg], Sights,
Bibliography [96 articles and books, all in Russian - ed.]); * News
(Shooting a video on the Great Tea Route, The proposal for tourist-
member project). * Contacts. * Great Way of Tea (The Development Phase
of the project); * Participation in the project (Organizing Committee
Participants); * Plans (The plan of action for 2008, The plan of
action for 2009); * Tours (Tours of Buryatia, Tours in Russia); * All
about tea

[A site exclusively in Russian. Can be translated into other languages
via http://translate.google.com/ or other online tools - ed.]

URL http://www.tearoad.ru/

Internet Archive (web.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the
time of this abstract]

Link reported by: T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at--coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Corporate Info.
* Publisher [academic - business - govt. - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Business
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Interesting
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Discussion group "Amber Road"

2008-12-01T16:35:00.000+11:00

http://groups.google.com/group/amber-road

Welcome to the discussion group "Amber Road",
providing documentation to reconstruct the ancient amber-trading routes in Europe.

Link to the German version of this Google Group ("Bernsteinstrasse")

http://groups.google.com/group/amber-road

Amber trading at the Hansa trading monopoly (1255-1525)
Last updated by JWR - Nov 24 - 1 author - 1 page long
The amber roads in Normandy
Last updated by JWR - Nov 18 2007 - 1 author - 3 pages long
Natural amber finding locations in Europe
Last updated by JWR - Nov 18 2007 - 1 author - 5 pages long
Amber finding locations in "Naturalis Historia" by Pliny
Last updated by JWR - Nov 18 2007 - 1 author - 2 pages long
Etymology for the word “Amber”
Last updated by JWR - Jul 27 2007 - 1 author - 4 pages long
Overview of Amber Roads and other trading routes
Last updated by Joannes.Rich...@googlemail.com - Jul 25 2007 - 1 author - 1 page long
The Dutch amber trading routes
Last updated by JWR - Aug 23 2007 - 1 author - 4 pages long
Ambur-settlements
Last updated by JWR - Jul 27 2007 - 1 author - 2 pages long

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Baltic Connections 1450-1800

2008-10-30T15:36:00.000+11:00

http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=210&pid=29280

Baltic Connections
Archival Guide to the Maritime Relations of the Countries around the Baltic Sea (including the Netherlands) 1450-1800
Edited by Lennart Bes, Edda Frankot and Hanno Brand

Publication year: 2007, Leiden: Brill.

In the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, Northern Europe was a crucible of political, maritime and economic activity. Ships from ports all around the Baltic Sea as well as from the Low Countries plied the Baltic waters, triggering market integration, migration flows, nautical innovations and the dissemination of cultural values. This archival guide is an essential research tool for scholars studying these Baltic connections, providing descriptions of almost 1000 archival collections concerning trade, shipping, merchants, commodities, diplomacy, finances and migration in the years 1450-1800. These rich and varied sources kept at more than 100 repositories in Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Russia and Sweden are herewith collected for the first time.

http://www.brill.nl/default.aspx?partid=210&pid=29280

Series: The Northern World, 36
ISBN-13 (i): 978 90 04 16429 1
ISSN: 1569-1462
Cover: Hardback
Number of pages: vol 1: xxxvi, 788 pp; vol 2: xxvi, 822 pp; vol 3: xxvi, 718 pp.
Number of volumes: 3

List price: EUR 315.00 / US$ 450.00

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Trade Routes: four new references

2008-10-21T14:11:00.001+11:00

Munro, John H. 1999.
The Low Countries’ export trade in textiles with the Mediterranean basin, 1200-1600: a cost-benefit analysis of comparative advantages in overland and maritime trade routes. Published in: The International Journal of Maritime History 2 11 (1999): pp. 1-30.
http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/10924/

Munro, John H. 2000.
The Changing Fortunes of Fairs in Medieval and Early Modern Europe: Warfare, Transaction Costs, and the 'New Institutional Economics'
http://ideas.repec.org/p/tor/tecipa/munro-00-01.html

Galdston, Iago. 1961.
Trade Routes and Medicine.
Bulletin of The New York Academy of Medicine. 1961. May; 37(5): 342–358.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1804663

Blom, Ronald G. 1997.
Space Technology, Ancient Frankincese Trade Routes, and the Discovery of the Lost City of Ubar. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
http://hdl.handle.net/2014/22395

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Trading Places - the East India Company and Asia 1600-1834

2008-10-13T16:13:00.000+11:00

http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/trading/home.html
13 Oct 2008

The British Library, London, UK.

Self-description:
"Trading Places - the East India Company and Asia 1600-1834. An exhibition at the British Library 24 May - 22 September 2002. [...] 'Trading Places - the East India Company and Asia' tells a remarkable story. It follows the rise and fall of the Company over 200 years - from its beginnings in London and its first trading post on Asian soil to its expansion into India, China, Indonesia, Japan and Persia until the eventual loss of its trading monopoly in 1834."

Site contents:
VIRTUAL EXHIBITION: * World in 1600 (Background, Iberian Exploration, Dutch Exploration, England, Foundation of the East India Company); * Getting There (Shipbuilding, First Voyage, On Board Ship, Hazards, Cargoes); * Bantam (Where is Bantam?, The Dutch, Market, Making Contact); * Expansion (Why Expand?, Japan, Iran, Yemen); * India (Why India?, Culture & Curiosity, Factors & Forts, Private Trade, Textiles, Politics); * China (Why China?, Trade, Silk, Porcelain, Tea, Opium); * Impacts (Final Years of the EIC, Overview, Asia on Britain, Britain on Asia); * Search. * Contact us; * SIte Map.

URL http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/trading/home.html

Internet Archive
http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/features/trading/home.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20070610062850/http://www.bl.uk/whatson/exhibitions/trading/home.html

Link reported by: T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at--coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - govt. - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Library
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Useful
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

The export trade in silk and brocade during the Ming dynasty

2008-10-08T13:57:00.003+11:00

http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31946367

An electronic copy of a thesis

Author: Lau, Hoi-tung
Title: The export trade in silk and brocade during the Ming dynasty
Persistent Link: http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31946367
Date/Publisher: 1966 by University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong)
Language: English
Subjects: Silk industry - China | Brocade
Format: Adobe Acrobat PDF

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Tibet's tea trade with Szechuan and other regions in the Ch'ing dynasty

2008-10-08T13:54:00.001+11:00

http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31946422

An electronic copy of a thesis

Author: Wong, Hong-hin, Owen
Title: A historical analysis of Tibet's tea trade with Szechuan and other regions in the Ch'ing dynasty
Persistent Link:
http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31946422
Date/Publisher: 1966 by University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong)
Pagination: 458 leaves : ill. ; 25 cm.
Language: Chinese
Dept/Program: Chinese
Degree: Master of Arts
LC Subject: Tea trade - China.
Tea trade - Tibet.
China - Commerce - History.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

4 books on Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India

2008-09-26T13:05:00.001+10:00

* Chandra, Moti. 1977. Trade and Trade Routes in Ancient India. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.

* Mookerji, Radha Kumud. 1999. Indian Shipping: A History of the Sea-Borne Trade and Maritime Activity of the Indians From the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

* Prasad, Prakash Charan. 2003. Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications.

* Srivastava, Balram. 1968. Trade and commerce in ancient India: from the earliest times to c. A.D. 300. Varanasi: Varanasi: Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

History of Postal Communications in India

2008-09-26T12:30:00.003+10:00

http://www.stampsofindia.com/readroom/SDHPC.htm

Deogawanka, Sangeeta. 2008. History of Postal Communications in India.

Part 1-3 - Ancient India [land and maritime routes],
Part 4-5 – Medieval India (1030 – 1757 AD) - Structure of the land postal systems in Pre-Mughal period,
Part 6-9 – Medieval India (1030 – 1757 AD) - Structure of the postal systems in Mughal period,
Part 10 – Medieval India (1030 – 1757 AD) - An analytical overview.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Historic Camel Photos

2008-09-16T11:25:00.004+10:00

Historic Camel Photos - China, Mongolia and India (www.camelphotos.com, US)
http://www.camelphotos.com/camels_china.html
[* 1902 The Nankow Pass. A small camel train and some donkeys from Mongolia enroute to Peking, passing through the Pa-ta-ling Gatway of the Great Wall of China. * 1880's A Bactrian camel pulling a supply sled. * 1901 Camel Square in Peking, China. * 1908 Along the Great Wall in Peking, a pack train of Bactrian camels. * 1907 Bactrian pack camels hailing the loads along the Great China Wall. * 1932 Bactrian camels packing supplies in Peking China, along the Great China Wall. * A Caravan of large Bactrian camels packing goods outside the City Walls of Peiping, China. * 1900's Bactrian camel Caravan. * 1890's Pack trian of Bactrian camels. * 1912 India, Two camels pulling a old Indian camel wagon. * 1908 India, two camels pulling a dubble decker wagon. * Jalpur, India. Camel adorned with tassels. * 1897 India, The Lieutenant Governor's Camel Carriage, Bengal. * Indian, Early 1900's. Camel transport. Indian Ferry, Mooltan. * 1918 Peking, Lastkamele. A small caravan of Bactrian camels. * Early 1900's Smyrne - Caravane de Chameaux.]

Historic Camel Photos - Central Asia and Russia (www.camelphotos.com, US)
http://www.camelphotos.com/camels_asia.html
[* Pre. 1917 Camels on the Tashkent road pulling a wagon full of wagon wheels. * Village Douranlar, Working Camels . * 1916 Russian: "Tashkent. Street in the old city." Bactrian camel with pack saddle. * Bactrian camel. * Pre. 1917, Orenburg, village life. * Pre. 1917, Orenburg, Kirgiz water carriers. * 1930 Kazakh man riding a Bactrian camel. * Pre. 1917 Kirgiz man riding a Bactrian camel, Margelan area. * Bactrian Camel Caravan, . * Pre. 1917 Turkestan Types. * Pre. 1930 Orenburg, RPh, Bactrian camels pulling wagons. * 1916 Russia Central Asia. Bactrian pack camels. * Old Russia, Caucasus camels in Pyatigorsk. Mt. Beshtau in the background. * 1928 Russia, F-2 Hybrid Bactrian camels in the Moscow Zoo. * Constantinople, Turkey. * A dromedary camel caravan camped at the gates of old Damascus, Syria. * 1897 A caravan of camels on the lower road to Bethan, SE from Jerusalem, Palestine.]

Historic Camel Photos - Middle East Camels (www.camelphotos.com, US)
http://www.camelphotos.com/middle_east.html
[* Cairo, dromedary camels with packs crossing the Kasr en-Nil Bridge. * 1890's Camels and horses resting outside the Wall of David. * 1907 Donkey and camels. * Camel pulling a water cart. * Nomadic tribal camel men. * 1904 The Dead Sea, a train of dromedary camels. * Suez Canal, pack camels loaded onto a barge. * Sahara, Algeria. Camel caravan. * Egypt 1880, A train of camels crossing a floating bridge. * 1880's Egypt, Suez, Moses Wells. * 1907 Egypt, Exposition Coloniale 1907. * 1896 Cairo, Egypt. Palanquin carried between two camels. * 1911 Egypt. Camel marriage procession. * Egypt, 2 dromedary camels pulling a stage coach. * 1905 Jerusalem. * 1905 Camel loaded down with the people. * 1870s Egypt. * Camel market. * 1890's Large camel caravan. * Camel races.]

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

The Economics of Inland Transport in in Late Medieval Bavaria

2008-08-28T12:20:00.001+10:00

Hauling Away in Late Medieval Bavaria:
The Economics of Inland Transport in an Agrarian Market
by Michael Toch

The Agricultural History Review, Vol. 41 part 2 (1993), pp.111-123
http://www.bahs.org.uk/41n2a2.pdf [1.5MB strong]

Abstract
Using the mid-fourteenth-century accounts of the Bavarian monastery of Scheyern (to the north of Munich), the article scrutinizes the way late medieval landlords went about the organization of transport. Most intricate were the arrangements for the yearly recurring ventures sent into the Southern Tyrol to purchase, cart, and ship home the excellent vintages of Latin wine. For most of the relay route, hired can'iers were employed, but one stage was turned over to tenants owing the monastery carting services. Other transport needs nearer home made for less complicated arrangements, using a mix of hired labour, permanent servants, and the monastery's own rolling stock and beasts. No attempts were made to improve the technological level of transport, relying instead on a very flexible organization of monetary and labour resources attuned to local circumstances.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries, 1400–1800

2008-08-07T14:14:00.000+10:00

Indo-Persian Travels in the Age of Discoveries, 1400–1800
Muzaffar Alam
University of Chicago
Sanjay Subrahmanyam
University of California, Los Angeles

Hardback (ISBN-13: 9780521780414)
DOI: 10.2277/0521780411
Published February 2007

http://www.cambridge.org/uk/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780521780414

BP 55.00
A groundbreaking work based on detailed and sensitive readings of travel accounts in Persian, dealing with India, Iran, and Central Asia between about 1400 and 1800. This is the first comprehensive treatment of this neglected genre of literature (safar nama) that links the Mughals, Safavids and Central Asia in a crucial period of transformation and cultural contact. The authors’ close reading of these travel-accounts help us enter the mental and moral worlds of the Muslim and non-Muslim literati who produced these valuable narratives. These accounts are presented in a comparative framework, which sets them side by side with other Asian accounts, as well as early modern European travel-narratives, and opens up a rich and unsuspected vista of cultural and material history. This book can be read for a better understanding of the nature of early modern encounters, but also for the sheer pleasure of entering a new world.
• The first comprehensive treatment of early modern Indo-Persian travel accounts • Compares Persian accounts with other Asian and early modern European travel narratives • A major contribution to the literature of cultural contact in the early modern world.

Contents
1. Introduction: the travel-account from Beijing to the Bosphorus; 2. From Timur to the Bahmanis: fifteenth-century views; 3. Courtly encounters; 4. An ocean of wonders; 5. When hell is other people; 6. An eastern mirror; 7. The long road to rum; 8. On early-modern travel.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Routing the Commodities of Empire through Sikkim (1817-1906)

2008-08-06T11:27:00.002+10:00

Date: Tue, 05 Aug 2008 11:40:28 +0200
From: Jonathan Curry-Machado (j.currymachado--at--londonmet.ac.uk)
To: [...]
Subject: New Commodities of Empire working paper

Dear all,

The Commodities of Empire project is pleased to announce the publication of the latest addition to the Commodities of Empire Working Papers series:

No.9, Vibha Arora, 'Routing the Commodities of Empire through Sikkim (1817-1906)'

This can be downloaded from the Commodities of Empire website, at http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/ferguson-centre/commodities-of-empire/working-papers/abstract-vibha-arora-aug08.htm

Best regards,

Jonathan

Jonathan Curry-Machado
Coordinator
Commodities of Empire Project

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Army Logistics - A Short History

2008-08-02T07:19:00.006+10:00

http://www.forces.gc.ca/admmat/logbranch/handbook/volume1/chap3_e.htm
Morales, A.L. 2000. A Handbook on the Canadian Forces Logistics Branch. Canada National Defence, Logbranch Secretariat.

CHAPTER 3 - LOGISTICS - A SHORT HISTORY

http://www.forces.gc.ca/admmat/logbranch/handbook/volume1/chap3_e.htm

* 3 methods of acquiring supplies on the move:
(a) baggage train which travels with the army;
(b) local supplies which are "purchased (or taxed) from the population near or along the army's route of march";
(c) stockpiles of supplies which are pre-positioned "at fixed bases along the route of march [... and are] brought forward by wagon to the army as required, or alternatively the soldiers [... could] pick the supplies up as they marched by these fixed bases."

[...]

* "The combination of local supply of food and forage, and of self-containment for weapons and services, appears often in ancient history as the logistical basis for operations by forces of moderate size. [...]

* During the mid 14th century, there were two broad strategies that an invading army might adopt, namely raiding strategies lasting some 50 days and persisting strategies in which the intent was to permanently occupy the territories the invader passed through and generally lasting 6 months or more. The supply methods appropriate to each were clearly different.

* There were always a large number of non-combatants who accompanied a medieval army especially during persisting invasions. But even on a raid, as much as 50% of the army was non-combatant - carpenters, blacksmiths, tailors, armorers, fletchers, cooks, bakers, whores and the like. The non-combatants in a persisting force might be double that. Hence the supply problem for an army of 10,000 combatants might be as much as 20,000 people.

* A combatant at that time normally subsisted for a day on 0.106 gallons of wine, 107 grams of meat and 1.04 kilograms of bread. The caloric value of this ration was about 3950 calories.

* By the middle of the 14th century, many invasion armies were entirely mounted. A force of 10,000 combatants might have 20,000 horses and it is estimated that each horse would consume 25 kilograms of green fodder in one day and hence collectively they would consume 500 tons of green fodder (or 200 tons of dry fodder) in a day.

* And so the magnitude of the supply and transportation problem in the 14th century was clear! For an Army of 10,000 combatants, the supply problem was the care and feeding of up to 20,000 people and 20,000 horses plus the stores of ammunition and other non-perishable items. Needless to say, this problem persisted into the 15th and 16th centuries
[...]

* It is worthy of note that at this time in the early 1800s, the soldier's daily ration was one and a half pounds of bread or one pound of biscuit, one pound of meat and a ration of wine or spirits. The number of pack-mules required to carry these rations for a Wellington's army of 53,000 men was close to 9,000."

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Dutch Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the 17th c.

2008-06-19T17:42:00.003+10:00

http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jwh/14.2/vink.html

Markus Vink, "'The World's Oldest Trade': Dutch Slavery and Slave Trade in the Indian Ocean in the Seventeenth Century," Journal of World History, June 2003, Vol.14, No.2.

[http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jwh/14.2/vink.html]

Markets of Supply: Origins of Slaves
Markets of Demand: Destinations of Slaves
Routes to Slavery
Slave Occupations
Size of Dutch Slavery and Volume of the Slave Trade
Slave Resistance and Slave Revolt

Conclusion
Following the discovery of the seasonal monsoon regime sometime after 300 B.C.E., the societies and cultures of the Indian Ocean basin became integrated in a regional world-system. As the world's oldest trade, trafficking in captive labor involved, among other things, the migration of peoples, cultural diffusion, and economic exchange. Arriving in the Indian Ocean in the late sixteenth century, the Dutch took over and interacted with preexisting systems of slavery and dependency. Like its Indian Ocean predecessor, the Dutch Indian Ocean slave trade was urban-centered, drawing captive labor from three interlocking and overlapping circuits or subregions: "Greater South Africa," South Asia, and Southeast Asia. [...] The number of company and total Dutch slaves and the accompanying volume of the annual slave trades fluctuated greatly. In the late seventeenth century, there were about 4,000 company slaves and perhaps 60,000 total slaves. In order to replenish these numbers, 200–400 company slaves and 3,200–5,600 total slaves had to be imported each year. Assuming an average mortality rate en route of 20%, 240–480 company slaves and 4,476–7,716 total Dutch slaves had to be exported from their respective catchment areas. [...]

Notes [note 1- note 110]

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Centro de Historia de Alem-Mar / The Centre for Overseas History (CHAM)

2008-05-27T14:19:00.002+10:00

http://cham.fcsh.unl.pt/

27 May 2008

Universidade Nova de Lisboa & Universidade dos Acores, Portugal.

Self-description: "The Centre for Overseas History promotes diverse activities integrated within the scope of the study of the History of the Discoveries and the Portuguese Expansion [...]."

Site contents:
* Activities; * Research Fields [2007-2010] (# Political and Social Frameworks of the Portuguese Empire, # The Arts and the Portuguese Colonial Experience, # Cultural Exchanges and Globalization, # Elites and the Portuguese Empire, # The Portuguese and the Islamic World, # Religion and the Portuguese Expansion, # Overseas Economies and Trade Networks);
* Researchers;
* Research Projects (# The Nobility and the State of India in the 16th century. # BBB - Bombay Before the British. The Portuguese Legacy at the Bombay Peninsula's Territory. # EVE - E-Cyclopaedia of Portuguese Expansion, 15th-18th centuries. # Sources for the History of the Portuguese Estado da India in the 17th-18th centuries. The "Coleccao Junta da Real Fazenda do Estado da India". # In the Name of the Honour: The Commissioners for the Holy Office and for the Military Orders in Portugal, 1570-1773. # Portuguese Jesuits in East Asia in the 16th-17th centuries. # Lower Nobility and "Nobreza da Terra" in the Formation of the Empire: the Atlantic Archipelagos. # Portugal and South Morocco: Contacts and Clashes, 15th-18th centuries. # PIAS - Study, Monitorization and cultural heritage valuation of the archaeological sites [in] Angra [...]. # Portuguese Interactions with Persia during the Iberian Union (1580-1640). The "Comentarios" by D. GarcIa de Silva y Figueroa);
* Theses (Post-Doc projects under preparation by CHAM researchers, PhD Theses under preparation by CHAM researchers, Master Theses under preparation by CHAM researchers, PhD Theses presented by CHAM researchers, Master Theses presented by CHAM researchers);
* Library (General Catalogue [of more than 4,000 works], The Aubin Collection);
* Publications (Periodical Publications, Theses, Studies and Documents, Sources for the History of the Portugueses Estado da India, Other Publications);
* Online Research Tools (Revista Penelope, Genealogies of the Viceroys and Governors of the State of India in the 16th century, Database about the holders of military and administrative posts in the "Estado da India" in the 16th century, E-Cyclopaedia of Portuguese Expansion, Other Research Tools (Azores Virtual Learning Centre, Azorian Archive - 1st Series, Virtual Library of Historical Cartography from the 16th to the 18th centuries), Nuevo Mundo-Mundos Nuevos / Novo Mundo-Mundos Novos [e-journal];
* Board; * Cooperation; * Clipping [CHAM in the Portuguese newspapers].

URL http://cham.fcsh.unl.pt/

Internet Archive http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://cham.fcsh.unl.pt/

Link reported by: T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at-coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Corporate Info./Study
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Essential
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 300

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

[Electronic] Historical Atlas of South India

2008-05-03T13:28:00.000+10:00

http://www.ifpindia.org/histatlas/
03 May 2008

[Electronic] Historical Atlas of South India

Institut Francais de Pondicherry / French Institute of Pondicherry (IFP), Pondicherry, India

Self-description:
"[...] The first phase [of the project - ed.] was completed early in 2005 and the outcome was a prototype for the Pudukkottai (Central Tamil Nadu) region, which works both from a CD-Rom and on the Internet. This work provided the team an opportunity to explore multidisciplinary approaches in research using IT&C, with History and Archaeology on one hand and GIS and Informatics on the other hand. The prototype CD-Rom has already been used to present the project at various seminars and workshops, and has also been sent to scholars who would be interested in working with us in the future phases. In the current phase of the project (starting from 2005 May onwards), we intend to extend the scope to the entire states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala, as well as two pilot areas in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka [...]. The idea behind initiating the two new pilot areas is to prepare for the extension of the project area further north so that the entire South India could be covered during the subsequent phase. The primary source of data for Tamil Nadu will be contributed by the Department of Epigraphy and Archaeology, Tamil University, Thanjavur. [...]

[Web version of the prototype on Historical Atlas of South India] "The bulk of the basic materials comes from the epigraphic records (nearly 9,000) for the period from AD 600 to 1600. Archaeology provides resources for the pre-600 period. Literature is useful as a supplementary source. Besides these original sources, there are a few secondary works, particularly on art, which provide data for the maps. The photo collection of IFP provides also material for illustrations. Clicking next, you will now have an overview of the Atlas, but with information on Pudukottai area only."

Site contents:
* Time Line (Stone Age, New Stone Ahe, Iron Age [(Megalithic], Ancient History I [Sangam], Ancient History II [Pre-Pallava], Medieval I [Pallava], Medieval II [Chola], Medieval III [Vijayanagar]);
* Knowledge (Political, Cultural, Social, Economic);
* Team (Subbarayalu, Y. (French Institute of Pondicherry - IFP) - Project Co-ordinator, Rajan, K. (Tamil U., Thanjavur), Aloka Parasher Sen (Central U., Hyderabad), Rajan Gurukkal. P.M. (Mahatma Gandhi U., Kottayam), Kesavan Veluthat (Mangalore U.), Balasubramanian, D. (IFP), Frederic Borne (IFP));
* Sources [a bibliography over 90 books and articles in English - ed.]

URL http://www.ifpindia.org/histatlas/

Internet Archive http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.ifpindia.org/histatlas/

Link reported by: T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at-coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Corporate Info./ Study
* Publisher [academic - business - govt. - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Academic
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Useful
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Georeferenced locations of historical Chinese and Japanese temples

2008-04-22T14:04:00.003+10:00

An invaluable item for anyone studying pilgrimage and travel to religious places in ancient China and Japan.

http://www.mountainsongs.net/

21 Apr 2008
Mountain Songs - [Ancient] Chinese Poetry [and georeferenced Temples]

www.mountainsongs.net, San Francisco, CA, US.

Self-description:
"Mountain Songs, Shanzhige, is a bilingual, database website, fully searchable, which connects ancient (and some modern) Chinese poetry to the sites where the poetry was written or written about. It enables you to experience the same sights that the poets themselves viewed hundreds of years ago."

Site contents:
* MOUNTAINS (a photograph and related Items [Poems, Poets, Temples, Other] for each of the following 152 mountains - Badachu Xishan; Baihefeng; Baitashan; Baodingshan; Beigushan; Beishan Dazu; Beiyue Hengshan; Bilianfeng; Cangshan; Chamundi Hill; Chichengshan; Cuiluoshan; Damingshan; Daqingshan; Daxiangshan; Dayuling Big Rice Barrel Ridge; Dinh Hoanh Son; Doddabetta; Dongshan Guiyang; Dongshan Huangmei; Dongshan Shangyu; Emeishan Moth Eyebrow Mountain; Fangshan; Fanjingshan; Fansipan Peak; Fenghuangshan Hangzhou; Fenghuangshan Tongguan; Fuboshan; Fufengshan; Guishan; Gushan Fuzhou; Gushan Hangzhou; Gushan Huizhou; Guxiufeng; Hagurosan; Haleakala; Hanyan Cold Cliff; Hemingshan; Hieizan; Houjusan; Huaguoshan; Huangshan Yellow Mountain; Huashan China Glory Mountain; Huoyanshan; Japan Alps; Jefferson; Jiaoshan; Jingshan; Jingshan; Jingtingshan; Jinshan; Jinshan Shanghai; Jiuhuashan; Jiulishan; Jiuzongshan; Kakeyamoku Iao Needle; Kinkeisan; Koyasan; Kugamisan; Kurokamiyama; Laoshan; Leshan; Lingyangshan; Longhushan Dragon Tiger Mountain; Lumenshan Luofushan; Lushan Hut Mountain; Maonshan; Maijishan Haystack Mountain; Maoshan; Mingshashan; Mingyan; NanPutuoshan; Nanshan Dazu; Nanshan Xiangyang; NanWutaishan; Nanyue Hengshan; Nilgiri Hills; Onnaminusan; Panlongshan; Pingposhan; Pipashan Longmen; Pomoshan; Putuoshan; Qianlingshan; Qilianshan; Qilinshan; Qingcheng Houshan; Qingchengshan Emerald City Mountain; Qingxiushan; Qingyuanshan; Qixingyan; Qiyunshan Greedy Cloud Mountain; Sanweishan; Shaoshishan; Shennufeng (Wushan); Sheshan; ShiGushan; Shijingshan; Shimenshan; Shizhongshan Stone Bell Mountain; Songshan; Suribachi; Taibaishan Shanxi; Taishan; Taishishan; Tavan Bogd; Tian Son Vietnam; Tianmushan; Tianshan; Tiantaishan Guizhou; Tiantaishan Heaven Terrace Mountain; Tianzhushan Heaven's Pillar Mountain; Tongbaishan; Wanshoushan; Western Ghats; Wudangshan; Wurufeng; Wutaishan Five Terrace Mountain; Wuyishan; Xiangbishan; Xianglufeng Lushan; Xianglufeng Shaoxing; Xiangshan; Xiangshan; Xiangshan (Dongshan) Longmen; Xianshan; XiaoJiuhuashan; Xiongershan; Xishan; Xishan Kunming; Xishan Longmen; Xuedoushan; Xuefengshan Snow Mountain; Yamadera; Yandangshan; Yinshan Gansu; Yinshan Neimenggu; Youbishan; Yueliangshan; Yuelushan; Yulongxueshan; Yunjushan; Yunlongshan; Yuquanshan; Yushan; Yuzhaishan; Zhongnanshan Far South Mountain; Zhurongfeng; Zijinshan; Zuanshitou; Zuobishan);

* POEMS (texts of the 820 poems in the vernacular and translation, plus the related Items: Mountains, Temples, Other);

* POETS (biographical notes and related Items: [Poems, Mountains, Temples, Other] for each of the 246 poets from the period 350 BC - 1961 AD);

* TRANSPOETS (images and biographical notes for the following people: Arthur Waley, Beata Grant, Burton Watson, Charles Q. Wu, David Hinton, David McCraw, Dongbo, Gary Snyder, Irving Yucheng Lo, John Thompson, Jon Kowallis, Jonathan Chaves, Kenneth Rexroth, Liam Kelley, Mike O'Connor, Paul Hansen, Paul Kroll, Paula Varsano, Qiu Xiaolong, Red Pine-Bill Porter, Ron Egan, Shigeyoshi Obata, Zhong Ling);

* TEMPLES (photographs, notes, georeferenced locations [using GoogleMap], and related Items: [Poems, Poets, Mountains, Other] for each of the 602 temples in China, India, Japan, Mongolia, and Vietnam);

* OTHER (photographs and notes on 1046 places in China, India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, and Vietnam, plus the details of the related Items [Poems, Poets, Mountains, Temples]);

* SEARCH; * TRAVELS WITH DONGBO; * ABOUT US; * CONTACT US.

URL http://www.mountainsongs.net/

Internet Archive http://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.mountainsongs.net/

Link reported by: Gary Flint (gary.actasia--at--gmail.com), forwarded by h-asia--at--h-net.msu.edu

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - government - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Other
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
Essential
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 1,000 [in fact, 897 links]

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Spice Ports: The Nutmeg and Pepper Trade

2008-03-31T16:32:00.001+11:00

artemis.austincollege.edu/acad/english/cdaeley/hwc22/plans.htm

[Preliminary bibliography from Austin College, Sherman, Texas]

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Ports of the Arabian Peninsula : a guide to the literature.

2008-03-31T13:34:00.001+11:00

http://dro.dur.ac.uk/161/

Dodgeon, H. and Findlay, A. M. (1979) Ports of the Arabian Peninsula : a guide to the literature. Working Paper. University of Durham, Centre for Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, Durham.

Full text available in PDF format
3.5MB

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Arabian Trade and Pilgrimage Routes - 2003 lectures

2008-03-31T12:33:00.002+11:00

http://www.soas.ac.uk/gallery/mappingarabia/lectures/lectures.html

School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

Lectures
MAPPING THE TREASURES OF ARABIA

28 January - 21 March 2003

There is to be a series of public lectures accompanying the exhibition, initiated and organised by Marian Bukhari, presented in association with LMEI (London Middle East Institute) and the Department of Art & Archaeology, School of Oriental and African Studies, chaired by Dr. Anna Contadini:

5th February
Dr Geoffrey King
"Coastal Pilgrim routes from Syria to the holy cities"
12th February
John Lawton
"Gold, Frankincense and Myrrh trade routes"
19th February
Dr Majeed Khan
"Petroglyphs and Rock Art of Arabia"
26th February
Jonathan Potter
"Cartography and the mapping of Arabia"
5th March
Dr. Martin Lings
"Mecca, Madinah and the Pilgrimage"
12th March
Dr Saad Al Rashid
"Darb Zubaidah and the Hajj routes"
19th March
Dr Mustafa Aksay
"Hejaz Railway as one of the Hajj routes"

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Transportation Modes, Costs and Infrastructure in the 17th c.

2008-03-24T16:28:00.003+11:00

Two resources (with logistical data) from afficionados of books from the "Ring of Fire" (RoF) anthology.

* Cooper, Iver P. 2007.
Hither and Yon: Transportation Modes, Costs and Infrastructure in 1632 and after.
Grantville Gazette, Vol. 11, May 2007.
http://www.grantvillegazette.com/articles/hither

* Bergstralh, Karen. 2007.
Adventures in Transportation: An Examination of Drags, Carts, Wagons and Carriages Available in the 17th century.
http://www.grantvillegazette.com/articles/Adventures_in_Transportatio.
Grantville Gazette, Vol. 11, May 2007.

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Trade Routes and Distances by Existing Lines and by the Panama Canal Authority

2008-03-24T16:22:00.004+11:00

http://qed.princeton.edu/main/
Image:Trade_Routes_and_Distances_by_Existing_Lines_and_by_the_Panama_Canal.jpg

Source: U.S. Hydrographic Chart, 1912. W.S. Morison.
Trade Routes and Distances by Existing Lines and by the Panama Canal Authority

The Map shows global routes for full-powered steam vessels and routes for sailing vessels in nautical miles.
High resolution version (4000x1571, 2546 KB)

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Islamic Region: Major Trade Routes from 10th to 15th century

2008-03-24T16:18:00.001+11:00

http://qed.princeton.edu/index.php/User:Student/Islamic_Region_-_Major_Trade_Routes

Source:
Medieval Routes to India: Baghdad to Delhi - A Study of Trade and Military Routes
Produced by H.C. Verma (Department of History - University of Delhi), Published by Mustafa Waheed, Printed at Islamia al Saudia Printers, Lahore, 1983.
http://qed.princeton.edu/index.php/User:Student/Islamic_Region_-_Major_Trade_Routes

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India - District Gazetteer - Nasik District: Trade Routes

2008-03-24T16:14:00.001+11:00

http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/gazetteer/nasik/009%20Bank/010%20TradeRoutes.htm

India - District Gazetteer - Nasik District
Trade and Commerce - Trade Routes

Early Routes:
The ThaI pass had been an important trade route between the Deccan and the coast from the earliest times. [This account is based on the description of routes published in the Gazetteer of Bombay Presidency, Nasik District, 1883, Chapter VI.] The Nasik caves and mention of the town by Ptolemy point to Nasik as a place of importance from the second century before, to the second century after, the Christian era. About a hundred years later, the author of Periplus (247) mentions that trade passed from Broach in Gujarat to Paithan on the Godavari and to Tagar ten days further east. A part of this trade probably went through the Kundai pass, crossed the Nasik district, and left it by the Kasari pass in the Satmalas. From the ninth to the thirteenth century, while Devgiri, or Daulatabad, was one of the greatest capitals in the Deccan, and Supara was one of the chief centres of trade on the coast, the Thal Pass must have been the main route of traffic. Afterwards, in the fifteenth and early part of the sixteenth centuries, the bulk, of the trade passed further south between Ahmednagar and Chaul and between Bijapur and Dabhul or Kudal. In the sixteenth century, the establishment of Portuguese power at Bassein brought a large trade back to its old route by Nasik. In the seventeenth century, when foreign trade centered in Surat, the bulk of the commerce of the Deccan passed along the north and south routes mentioned in the Periplus. When Bombay took the place of Surat, trade once more set along the earliest route through the ThaI Pass, and this, for the last fifty years, has been the chief line of traffic in Western India.

Routes during British Period:
At the beginning of British rule there were no made roads. The chief routes of trade passed through Nasik and Malegaon. The Poona-Surat road with a length of 254 miles through Chakan, Narayan Gaon, the Viscera Pass, and Dothan, entered by the Sinnar pass, and touching Nasik and Dindori, left the district by the Rahud Pass and continued its course to Surat through Umbarthana the Nirpan Pass, the Vagh Pass and Gondevi. The Ahmednagar-Nasik road ninety-seven miles long passed through Rahuri, Sangamner and Sinnar. The Aurangabad-Nasik road and the road linking Malegaon with Baroda served the need of traffic.
The Bombay-Agra trunk road was the chief trade route traversing through Chandor, Nasik, Igatpuri, the ThaI pass, Shahapur and Bhiwandi. The Poona-Nasik road, the Nasik-Balsar road, the Malegaon-Kopargaon road, and the Nandgaon-Aurangabad road were the principal routes of trade. During the course of the present century the Bombay-Agra trunk road and Provincial roads were improved. A number of bridges were also constructed to facilitate easy transport.

Present Routes of Trade: The Bombay-Bhusaw [...]

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Ecology and Empire Along the Ancient Silk Roads

2008-03-24T16:10:00.001+11:00

http://www.esri.com/mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume19/conservation11.html

Ecology and Empire Along the Ancient Silk Roads
http://www.esri.com/mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume19/conservation11.html
Seattle, Washington, USA
By Rob Harris
Contact
Rob Harris
rob--at--rob-harris.net
Software
ArcGIS 8.3 and Windows XP
Printer HP Designjet 5500
Data Source(s)
National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration/National Aeronautics and Space Administration Pathfinder Program, United Nations Environment Programme, U.S. Geological Survey, and historical and archaeological monographs and reports

[Elevation, Mean Annual Precipitation, Soil Production Index)
http://www.esri.com/mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume19/images/cons_11a.jpg

The goal of this map is to provide a way to visualize the ecological context of the Silk Roads. The broad ecological zones of Asia and Europe - the steppes, deserts, montane forests, and alluvial floodplains - are approximated by modern land cover. Traversing these distinct ecological zones is a complex set of medieval trade routes that connected major cities and empires of the day. By examining the complex geography of these trade routes, the map seeks to enrich our understanding of the relationship between ecology, economy, and empire during one of the most important periods in human history.

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Tea-Horse Road, or 茶马古道 (Cha Ma Gu Dao)

2008-03-24T16:05:00.003+11:00

http://www.chinaexpat.com/article/2007/04/11/history/ancient-tea-horse-road.html

Gartner, Josh. 2007.
The Ancient Tea-Horse Road
Published April 11th, 2007

Tea-Horse Road, or 茶马古道 (Cha Ma Gu Dao)
(Gartner 2007).

[...]
During the Song Dynasty (960-1127) the Tea-Horse Road flourished and posts saw up to 2,000 traders per day. Annual volume of tea going to Lhasa - and often beyond - reached 7,500 tons, carried over the laborious 2,300 km trek from Xishuangbanna to the Tibetan capital. Each war horse fetched between 20 and 60 kgs of tea depending on quality and the going rate. [...]

[tmc's note: the above figures suggest that Tibet exported annually up to approx. 7,500,000 kg/20kg of tea for a horse = 375,000 horses (which is an improbably high figure), and that the volume of imported tea head to be carried by some 7,500,000 kg/60kg per carrier = 125,000 porters. tmc, 1 Nov 2007]

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The ancient city of Gerha = Qariyat Al-Fau

2008-02-20T12:45:00.001+11:00

http://www.ainalyaqeen.com/issues/19990217/feat9en.htm
Weekly Arab Political Magazine
February 17, 1999
[...]
Al-Ansari, who is considered the founder of archaeology in Saudi Arabia, presented a paper on Qariyat Al-Fau (Fau Village) which in classical texts is referred to as 'Gerha', its Greek name.

Al-Ansari said that this ancient city, which is situated at the centre of the Arabian peninsula between Al-Salil and Najran and on the edge of the Empty Quarter on the old trade route, was the political, economic and cultural capital of the Mu'in state between the fourth century B.C. and up to the first century B. C. After that, it became the capital of the Kendah Kingdom, until the fourth century A.D.
He pointed out that although the city is described by the word 'qariyah', or village, the original meaning of the word in Arabic is not the same as it is today. The root of the word actually meant a large city, settled and open to the outside world and it was from that original sense of the word that Holy Mecca takes its other name, 'Umm Al-Qura', or Mother of Cities.

Qariyat Al-Fau was designated a city as the excavations that have taken place there have found that the city was not surrounded by walls, was open to the outside world and had established relations with the civilisation that existed between the Tigris and the Euphrates; it had reached a very advanced stage of human development and deserved to be named a city. Dr Al-Ansari showed slides of the excavations of the ruins of the city, which began in 1972, showing silver coins from that period as well as the city's temples, the cemeteries where royalty were buried, and also public cemeteries.
[...]

Amazon.com: Qaryat Al-Fau: Books: Rahman Al-Ansary by Rahman Al-Ansary.
www.amazon.com/ Qaryat-Al-Fau-Rahman-Al-Ansary/dp/0312657420

Qaryat
http://www.ksu.edu.sa/sites/Colleges/RelicAndTourismCollege/Archaeologicalsites/Pages/Qaryat.aspx
Qaryat (Al-Fau)
The ancient town of Qaryat is situated at about 700 km southwest of Riyadh. Its archaeological ruins known today as al-Fau, a name derived from its geographical location at a passageway through Tuwaiq mountains range where it intersects with wadi al-Dawasir , overlooking the northwestern edge of the Empty Quarter desert.
Confirmed from texts found at the site during excavations, Qaryat had been mentioned in ancient South Arabian documents as the capital of Kinda kingdom from the 1st century B.C. to the 4th century A.D. In antiquity the town flourished as a major trading post, located at the heart of ancient caravan roads, it had gained importance by its control over the only pass via Tuwaiq mountains range, from western and southwestern to eastern Arabia. Archaeological remains at the site, indicate that the town expanded to about 2 km north – south, and about 750 m. east – west.
The archaeological excavations carried out by King Saud University team, from 1970 to 2003, uncovered two major sectors of the town. The first; is a residential, consisted of houses, squares, streets and a market place. The second; is a sacred, consisted of temples and tombs. The general architectural plan is very indicative of pre-Islamic town in Arabia.

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Amber Routes

2008-02-16T11:53:00.004+11:00

http://www.ambergallery.lt/english/muziejus-gintaro_keliai.htm

Amber trade routes: 1 - Border of Roman Empire; 2 - Route of the early bronze age; 3 - Route of the middle bronze age; 4 - Sea route; 5 - "Amber route"; 6 - Routes of the East.
(By: Michelbertas, 1963)

"Amber, obtained in major excavation centres in Jutland and on eastern Baltic Coast began to spread in central Europe reaching even Egypt. Baltic amber beads were found in 3400-2400 BC pharaoh tombs in Tethys pyramid. German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann who in 1871-1890 excavated Troy in addition to other artefacts found amber beads. Scientists established that they were made from amber that had been brought from the Baltic Coast in 3000 BC. This archaeologist has found Baltic amber also in cupola tombs of Mycenaean culture built on Crete Island in 1600-800 BC."

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Jorvik's (York's) possible Trade Routes beyond the British Isles

2008-02-15T15:00:00.002+11:00

http://www.viking.no/e/england/york/map_jorvik_trade_abroad.html

See also

http://www.viking.no/e/england/york/jorvik_british_trade_routes_m.html

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Miscellaneous articles on routes in Central Asia

2008-02-10T16:22:00.002+11:00

==========
Munphool Pundit. 1870.
Relations between Gilgit, Chitral, and Kashmir
The Journal of the Ethnological Society of London (1869-1870), Vol. 2, No. 1. (1870), pp. 35-39.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1368-0374%281870%292%3A1%3C35%3ARBGCAK%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G

==========
C. E. Biddulph. 1891
Journey across the Western Portion of the Great Persian Desert, via the Siah Kuh Mountains and the Darya-i-Namak
Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, New Monthly Series, Vol. 13, No. 11. (Nov., 1891), pp. 645-657.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0266-626X%28189111%292%3A13%3A11%3C645%3AJATWPO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H

==========
K. de B. Codrington. 1944
A Geographical Introduction to the History of Central Asia (Continuation)
The Geographical Journal, Vol. 104, No. 3/4. (Sep. - Oct., 1944), pp. 73-91.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7398%28194409%2F10%29104%3A3%2F4%3C73%3AAGITTH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-0

==========
A. S. Morris. 1967.
The Journey beyond Three Seas
The Geographical Journal, Vol. 133, No. 4. (Dec., 1967), pp. 502-508.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7398%28196712%29133%3A4%3C502%3ATJBTS%3E2.0.CO%3B2-R

==========
L. V. S. Blacker. 1917
From India to Russia in 1914
The Geographical Journal, Vol. 50, No. 6. (Dec., 1917), pp. 393-418.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7398%28191712%2950%3A6%3C393%3AFITRI1%3E2.0.CO%3B2-A

==========
David Christian. 2000.
Silk Roads or Steppe Roads? The Silk Roads in World History
Journal of World History 11.1 (2000) 1-26
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_world_history/v011/11.1christian.html

==========
Aurel Stein. 1943.
On Alexander's Route into Gedrosia: An Archaeological Tour in Las Bela
The Geographical Journal, Vol. 102, No. 5/6. (Nov. - Dec., 1943), pp. 193-227.
Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0016-7398%28194311%2F12%29102%3A5%2F6%3C193%3AOARIGA%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E
NOTE: This article contains high-quality images.

==========

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19th c. trade between Sudan and Egypt

2008-01-11T11:47:00.000+11:00

Walz, Terence. 1978. The Trade between Egypt and Bilad as-Sudan, 1700-1820. Cairo: Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale.

Review of the book by Dennis D. Cordell, African Economic History, No. 9 (1980), pp. 249-253
doi:10.2307/3601433
http://links.jstor.org/ sici?sici=0145-2258(1980)9%3C249%3ATTBEAB%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q

--------

Khabir 'Ali at Home in Kubayh: A Brief Biography of a dar fur Caravan Leader
by G. Michael La Rue, African Economic History, No. 13 (1984), pp. 56-83
doi:10.2307/3601479
http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0145-2258(1984)13%3C56%3AK'AHIK%3E2.0.CO%3B2-3

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Introduction to Kharga Oasis

2008-01-10T17:55:00.000+11:00

http://www.egyptsites.co.uk/deserts/western/kharga/intro.html

[W]hen the Romans came to Egypt they increased the prosperity of the oasis by creating new wells, cultivating many crops and building a series of 'fortress settlements' for protection of the caravan routes. These Roman 'fortresses' are especially numerous in the Kharga Oasis, where the Darb el-Arba'in (the 'Forty-Day Road') which ran north to south between Asyut and the Sudan, was the most important trade route. This was later to become part of the infamous slave-trade route between North Africa and the tropical south. [...]

We do not know precisely when the desert route to Sudan developed. Camels, which were introduced after the Persian invasion, enabled ancient travellers to cover greater distances than they had done previously, but the trade caravans were not popular in the desert regions until the Mamaluke era when rising tolls made the Nile Valley routes too expensive. Two villages at the southern end of the Oasis, Maks Qibli and Maks Bahri were customs posts on either side of the Darb el-Dush, the Nile Valley route which connected with the Darb el-Arba'in. A small mudbrick watchtower at Maks Qibli, known as Tabid el-Darawish, was built by the British in 1893 to protect the trade route.

There are numerous ancient sites to see in Kharga oasis. Some are close to the road but many others will require the use of a 4x4 vehicle to visit them. The oasis is connected to the Nile Valley by two main routes, one from Armant, near Luxor to Baris, in the south of the region and the second from Asyut to Kharga City in the north. Tourists are encouraged to use the northern route, which follows the ancient Darb el-Arba'in.

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The Darb el-Arbein - The Forty Days Road

2008-01-10T17:52:00.000+11:00

http://www.ancientegyptmagazine.com/40dayroad22.htm

The text in the www.ancientegyptmagazine.com was reprinted/or plagiarised from an undated article by Lorraine Chittock
The Forty Days Road: From Shadows in the Sand - Following the Forty Days Road.

http://www.lorrainechittock.com/pdf/BCAShadows.pdf

Even in the late 1800s there are records of slaves being taken into Egypt by way of numerous camel caravan routes. The most treacherous of these was the Darb el-Arbein, the ‘Forty Days Road,’ so named because of the length of time it took to travel from Dar Fur province in western Sudan to Southern Egypt; although a good rider, with a strong camel and little in the way of provisions, could make the journey in as little as eighteen days. The caravans comprised as many as 5,000 camels and in 1782 one was recorded as having 24,000 camels. Because of the size of such caravans travel times were often up to three months, as the caravan had to be divided into several groups so as not to deplete water wells and pasture along the route.
Slaves that were taken on this route sometimes went in the blistering heat of summer, as winters in the desert are cold and losses to bronchitis meant monetary losses to traders. A slave who walked from Dar Fur to Egypt in the 1830s recalled, ‘We had not food enough to eat, and sometimes we had not drink at all, and our thirst was terrible; when we stopped, almost dying for want of water, they killed a camel, and gave us blood to drink. But the camels themselves could not get on, and then they were killed, and we had their flesh for meat and their blood for water.’
At that time, trade did not flow in a northerly direction and stop. On reaching Cairo, some three-quarters of the camels were sold for meat and as pack animals, but the remainder returned south with good that were desirable in Sudan and the surrounding region; European-made paper, balsam oil, textiles, metals, beads, whalebone, scents, dyes and small amounts of military supplies.
Caravan leaders who took on the role of keeping the sometimes massive number of people and camels organized on these expeditions were given the title khabir, or ‘expert.’[...]
Upon reaching Kharga Oasis after the arduous trek through the Libyan desert, long ceremonial gowns were given to the khabirs as a token of respect. After resting for almost a week the caravan would continue on. By that time messengers had been sent north to Assiut to announce the caravan’s forthcoming arrival so that merchants might assemble to buy the goods. What was not purchased was carried past Kirdasa, within sight of the Giza pyramids, and then to Cairo, where there was a large market below the citadel for the buying and selling of slaves and items from Black Africa and Persia.
By the late 1800s, however, the British— whose interest in the region increased markedly with the opening of the Suez canal in 1869—began measures to deem the slave trade illegal (The Anglo-Egyptian Convention for the suppression of the slave trade, for example, was signed in 1877). Slowly but inevitably, the number of slaves travelling the Forty Days Road diminished.

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Riding the Forty Days' Road

2008-01-09T11:16:00.000+11:00

http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/199705/riding.the.forty.days.road.htm

Written by Angela Stephens
Photographed by Lorraine Chittock

As we approach the Egyptian border, we are 20 days' ride from our starting point west of Omdurman, across the Nile from Sudan's capital, Khartoum. We're bound for the place all camel herds go from Western Sudan, the camel market in Daraw, north of Aswan, Egypt, a journey of 1250 kilometers (775 miles). From there, the camels will be loaded onto trucks and shipped to Cairo, home of the largest camel market in the Middle East. [...]

The journey from Omdurman to Daraw takes approximately 30 days, yet herders still refer to this route as Darb al-Arba'in, the Forty Days' Road. The historic Forty Days' Road connected the el-Fasher area of Sudan with Assiut in Egypt, via the Selima and Kharga Oases. This was the path followed by the great ancient camel caravans of old, a trade route dating back at least 700 years.

Unlike the historic route, the route of contemporary camel caravans hugs the Nile, sticking close to the main source of water as much as possible. In areas where they cannot travel along the Nile, herders rely on wells, so the khabir, the trail boss, must have perfect knowledge of well sites. Although herders today may begin their journey in el-Fasher, el-Obeid, el-Nahud or—most likely—in Omdurman, as we did, all still refer to any of these several routes to Egypt as Darb al-Arba'in.

The ancient caravans were like armies crossing the desert, their numbers far greater than anything seen today and their route more difficult, for, according to Sudanese historian Yusuf Fadl Hasan, they avoided the trail along the Nile for fear of robbery and official extortion. Ibn Khaldun, the 14th-century historian, recorded caravans of 12,000 camels on the Forty Days' Road. Then, too, caravans moved in both directions, as Sudan exported ivory, ebony, gold, ostrich feathers, cowry shells and slaves to Egypt, and received in return textiles, metals and firearms. Since trains and trucks now carry the vast majority of trade, it is the pack animal of the past that has become is the commodity today. Camel traffic goes in only one direction now: from the breeding grounds in Sudan to the farms and butcher shops of Egypt.
[...]
Records from Sudan's Ministry of Animal Resources show that the first official export of camels to Egypt took place in 1904, when 10 animals were sent north. Today, Sudan officially exports some 50,000 camels to Egypt annually, but the border between the two countries is long and difficult to monitor, and thus the real numbers are generally agreed to be higher. In recent years, camels have comprised as much as half of Sudan's exports to Egypt, resulting in a post at the Sudanese embassy in Cairo for an envoy specialized in camel commerce.

For their work, herders earn the equivalent of $300 per journey; as the leader, the khabir earns double that. The round trip keeps the men away from their villages for three months or more at a time. Many spend their wages in Cairo to purchase housewares, fabrics and clothing that they can sell in Sudan after they return home by ship via Suez and Port Sudan.

Today's herds usually comprise 100 camels led by five men. Sometimes a trader gathers enough camels to make up a herd of 200, like ours.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

The Cistercian Way [of Pilgrimage]

2008-01-08T16:18:00.000+11:00

http://cistercian-way.newport.ac.uk/index.asp

Linking the Cistercian Abbeys of Wales along ancient tracks, pilgrim roads and modern long-distance footpaths
[...]
• Llantarnam to Penrhys
• Penrhys to Margam
• Margam to Neath
• Neath to Tenby
• Tenby to Whitland
• Whitland to Llanllyr
• Llanllyr to Strata Florida
• Strata Florida to Cymmer
• Cymmer to Conwy
• Conwy to Basingwerk
• Basingwerk to Valle Crucis
• Valle Crucis to Strata Marcella
• Strata Marcella to Llanllugan
• Llanllugan to Cwm-hir
• Cwm-hir to Grace Dieu
• Grace Dieu to Tintern
• Tintern to Llantarnam
• High-level alternative Cymmer to Basingwerk
[...]
http://cistercian-way.newport.ac.uk/image.asp?imageName=routeL.gif

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Spice Route (Incense Route) in Israel

2007-12-12T16:44:00.000+11:00

http://www.mnemotrix.com/avdat/

On March 13, 2007, at a ceremony in the Negev town of Avdat, Israel's ancient Spice Route (Incense Route) through the Negev Desert was declared by UNESCO a World Heritage Site. As can be seen on the map below, Avdat sits directly at the center on the Spice Route, between Petra and Gaza.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Archaeological Research in Central Asia of the Muslim Period

2007-12-03T16:55:00.000+11:00

http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0043-8243(198302)14%3A3%3C393%3AARICAO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-O

Archaeological Research in Central Asia of the Muslim Period
G. A. Fedorov-Davydov
World Archaeology, Vol. 14, No. 3, Islamic Archaeology (Feb., 1983), pp. 393-405

Abstract
Extensive explorations have yielded abundant data relating to the material culture of the medieval city in Central Asia, its trade and the technology of its crafts. Three stages have been established in the historical development of large cities: the oldest part, dating as a rule from pre-Muslim times, is the ark or kuhendiz; next came the Shahristan (medina) which was the main part of the city in the 8th-10th centuries; finally - the rabat or outer town which by the 11th-13th centuries had become the centre of economic life. [...] A typical example is Samarkand in Uzbekhistan. [...] Merv in Turkmenia [...] Utrar, in southern Kazakhstan, [...] Caravanserais, both in the cities and along the caravan routes, have also been uncovered, and the distribution of the rural population has been examined. An additional subject of research has been provided by the excavation of medieval cemeteries.

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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, from Emory U.

2007-11-08T12:25:00.000+11:00

http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/database/index.faces

Acc. to a blurb;
"Over 34,000 individual slaving expeditions between 1527 and 1866 that have been identified and verified to have actually occurred make up the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database. Records of the voyages have been found in multiple archival sources which are listed in a variable in the dataset.
These records provide details about vessels, enslaved peoples, slave traders and owners, and trading routes.

The database enables users to search for information about a particular voyage or group of voyages and it provides full interactive capability to analyze the data and report results in the form of statistical tables, graphs, maps, or on a timeline."

However, in Nov 2007 the system was far from being completed. The site was created in June 2006 by the Emory University Libraries, Atlanta, GA.

[...] The grants include $324,000 from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and $25,000 from Harvard University's W.E.B. DuBois Institute for African and African American Research. The expansion of the current database is based on the seminal 1999 work The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade, a CD-ROM that includes more than 27,000 slave trade voyages and has been popular with scholars and genealogists alike.

"We're trying to do for African Americans what's been done for Euro-Americans already," says David Eltis, Robert W. Woodruff Professor of History at Emory and one of the scholars who published The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade. Eltis and Martin Halbert, director of digital programs and systems for Emory's Libraries, are directing the project.
[...]

In addition to increasing the number of slave trade voyages from the original work by nearly 30 percent, the grant will allow the addition of new information to more than one-third of the voyages already included in the 1999 CD-ROM. The expanded database making its debut on the Internet will include auxiliary materials such as maps, ship logs, and manifests. [...]
Src: http://web.library.emory.edu/about/news/index.html

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Arabian and Levantine Desert Trade Routes

2007-11-01T16:48:00.000+11:00

Wiseman, James and Farouk El-Baz (Eds). 2007. Southern Arabian Desert Trade Routes, Frankincense, Myrrh, and the Ubar Legend
Book Series: Interdisciplinary Contributions to Archaeology
ISSN: 1568-2722
Book: Remote Sensing in Archaeology
Publisher: Springer New York

****

MICHAL ARTZY (1994)
INCENSE, CAMELS AND COLLARED RIM JARS: DESERT TRADE ROUTES AND MARITIME OUTLETS IN THE SECOND MILLENNIUM
Oxford Journal of Archaeology 13 (2), 121–147.
doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.1994.tb00035.x Abstract

Summary. The camel-borne incense trade, from Arabia to the Levant, was an important element in the economy of the eastern Mediterranean region in the first millennium BC. This paper suggests that its origins can be traced back to the Late Bronze Age, and that the junction of overland and maritime routes explains the wealth of coastal sites such as Tel Nami, Israel. The occurrence there of Collared Rim Jars in contexts dating to the thirteenth century BC suggests that the form began as a transport container, capable of being carried on board ship or on land by camels.

http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0092.1994.tb00035.x

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Il Cammino di Assisi - A Pilgrim Route to Assisi

2007-10-31T15:57:00.000+11:00

http://www.camminodiassisi.it/

0. Rifugio Benedetta Bianchi Porro di Dovadola
1. Dovadola - Marzanella
2. Marzanella - Cà Ridolla (Premilcuore)
3. Cà Ridolla (Premilcuore) - Corniolo
4. Corniolo - Camaldoli
5. Camaldoli - Biforco
6. Biforco - Verna
7. Verna - Caprese Michelangelo
8. Caprese Michelangelo - Sansepolcro
8.bis Caprese Michelangelo - Pieve S. Stefano
9. Sansepolcro - Valdimonte
10 Valdimonte - Città di Castello
11 Città di Castello - Pietralunga
12 Pietralunga - Gubbio
13 Gubbio - Valfabbrica
14 Valfabbrica - Assisi

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The Tea Clippers and their sea routes

2007-10-29T12:52:00.000+11:00

http://www.246.dk/teamcgre.html

The Tea Clippers - An account of the China Tea Trade and of some of the British Sailing Ships engaged in it from 1849 to 1869

by David R. McGregor

With drawings by the Author
London: Percival Marshall & Co., LTD.

[...] There were several routes that could be followed by ships leaving or approaching China, the chief deciding factor on where the ship was to enter or leave the China Sea being the time of year, though the vessel's capabilities had also to be taken into account. Ships built specially for the China trade on fine lines would always lay a course right down the China Sea when homeward-bound, regardless of the season, unless they had a timid or inexperienced captain, or else met with strong south-westerly winds immediately they left, say, Foochow, in which case they would probably stand out into the Pacific go down the eastern coast of Formosa and if the wind was still south/westerly continue down the east side of the Phillipines and then via Gillolo Strait, Pitt Passage, and Ombai Strait, into the Indian Ocean past the island of Timor. Such a route was termed the Eastern passage. Sir Lancelot under Richard Robinson did this in 1867, and only took 99 days on the homeward passage. Other masters might have occupied a week or more extra spent in beating down the China Sea against the south-westerlies. With a shift of wind to the south or south-east ships could get ahead, but perhaps some masters prided themselves in never being beaten by the China Sea passage. Many ships used to make for the coast of Cochin China since land breezes were experienced there at night which enabled the ship to make good progress south. A third homeward route was down the west coast of Luzon and then into the Sulu Sea past Mindoro and from there into the Celebes Sea, Strait of Macassar and thence into the Indian Ocean through Lombok Strait. Ships going down the China Sea would pass into the Indian Ocean by way of Sunda Strait, separating Sumatra from Java, calling at Anjer on the way. The sea between Borneo and Sumatra was studded with islands, there being three passages known as Banka, Gaspar and Carimata Straits. The first was frequently used, though it would appear to be a tortuous and hazardous channel.
[...]

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Prehistoric dispersal routes in South Asia

2007-10-26T14:08:00.000+10:00

Julie S. Field, Michael D. Petraglia and Marta Mirazón Lahr. 2007. The southern dispersal hypothesis and the South Asian archaeological record: Examination of dispersal routes through GIS analysis.
Journal of Anthropological Archaeology
Volume 26, Issue 1, March 2007, Pages 88-108
doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2006.06.001

Abstract
This research advances a model for coastal-based dispersals into South Asia during oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 4. A series of GIS-based analyses are included that assess the potential for expansions into the interior of South Asia, and these results are compared with known archaeological signatures from that time period. The results suggest that modern Homo sapiens could have traversed both the interior and coastlines using a number of routes, and colonized South Asia relatively rapidly. Use of these routes also implies a scenario in which modern H. sapiens, by either increased population growth or competitive ability, may have replaced indigenous South Asian hominin populations.

Keywords: South Asia; Human dispersals; Coastal routes; GIS; Modeling

Article Outline
Paleoenvironmental reconstruction
A GIS-based model of dispersals across South Asia
Methodology I: friction surface
Methodology II: least cost routes
Result of the direct routes analysis
Result of wandering routes analysis
Proposed routes, colonization issues, and the archaeological record of South Asia
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References

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The Frankincense Route: A proposed cultural itinerary for the Middle East.

2007-10-26T14:07:00.000+10:00

www.icomos.org/australia/tracks.htm

Shackley, Myra. 2001.The Frankincense Route: A proposed cultural itinerary for the Middle East.

A paper from the Australia ICOMOS
Making Tracks conference,
Alice Springs, May 2001
www.icomos.org/australia/tracks.htm

...ancient frankincense routes requires the utilisation of both historical and archaeological...variations of the routes were used at different...archaeologically or from historical sources or (more...commercial cultural routes include the salt...

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The Origins of Spatial Interaction

2007-10-26T12:46:00.000+10:00

http://ideas.repec.org/p/cpr/ceprdp/4138.html

Keller, Wolfgang & Shiue, Carol Hua, 2003.
"The Origins of Spatial Interaction,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
4138, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.

Keywords:
18th century china; coastal transport; geography; R40; river transport; spatial autocorrelation; spatial econometrics; trade; transport costs

Abstract
Geography shapes economic outcomes in a major way. This Paper uses spatial empirical methods to detect and analyse trade patterns in a historical dataset on Chinese rice prices. Our results suggest that spatial features were important for the expansion of interregional trade. Geography dictates, first, over what distances trade was possible in different regions, because the costs of ship transport were considerably below those for land transport. Spatial features also influence the direction in which a trading network is expanding. Moreover, our analysis captures the impact of new trade routes both within and outside the trading areas. We also discuss the long-run implications this might have.

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Trade routes and mines in N Vietnam, c. 1770

2007-10-26T12:34:00.000+10:00

http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/VIETSIN/vietnam-routes-mines.html

Extracts from a historical book by Le Quy Don, first published in the mid 1700's
"Kien van tieu luc" [Small Collection of Things Seen and Heard], Hanoi: Su Hoc Press, 1962.

The Black River has 83 famous rapids and falls with the Van Bo is the most dangerous.

Hung Hoa province

p.363:
chau Mai-Son

Chau Mai-Son: 3 dong, produce copper and shi2 lu4 (thach luc). Chinese mined here and paid tax.
chau Son-la

p.364: Chau Son-la: there was a gold mine of Yet-ong in Dong Hieu-te, produced gold. Chinese opened the mine here and paid tax.
chau Chieu-tan

p.365: Chau Chieu-tan, there is a gold mine in Muong Khoa, village Nguyen Than, with a tax of 5 lang (10 quan) paid to the officer. They also had to pay taxes at two places [as Lai Chau], one in the local place and the other in Kien Thuy county in China. People have nowhere to complain. Muong trinh - Dien chien are on the edges of Chieu tan and Quang lang (Guang Ling district), there is a trade route to the countries of Lao-Lung and Bon Man, many Chinese are busy bringing out elephant tusks, rhinoceros horn, pilose antler and cinnamon.
[...]

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Journey of Mankind - The Peopling of the World - Genetic Map

2007-10-22T13:09:00.000+10:00

http://www.bradshawfoundation.com/journey

The Bradshaw Foundation, in association with Stephen Oppenheimer, presents a virtual global journey of modern man over the last 160,000 years. The map will show for the first time the interaction of migration and climate over this period. We are the descendants of a few small groups of tropical Africans who united in the face of adversity, not only to the point of survival but to the development of a sophisticated social interaction and culture expressed through many forms. Based on a synthesis of the mtDNA and Y chromosome evidence with archaeology, climatology and fossil study, Stephen Oppenheimer has tracked the routes and timing of migration, placing it in context with ancient rock art around the world.

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Journal : Purabhilekh-Puratatva, Goa, India

2007-10-21T15:40:00.000+10:00

Date: 21 Oct 2007 08: 00: 01 -0000
From: "Bireshwar Banerjee" (banerjee_books--at--rediffmail.com)

Journal : Purabhilekh-Puratatva
Editor: Dr. P. P. Shorodkar. A journal published by Directorate of Archives, Archaeology & Museum, Panaji, Goa.

Vol-1: Number-1: July-Dec: 1983: Luso-British relations (Documents) 1793-1794, Portuguese Palaeography, British Cemetery in Goa, by Dr. P. P. Shirodkar, Old Inscription Discovered. Etc. Panaji, Goa, 1983, Royal Size, pp 145, with plates.

Vol-2: Number-1: Jan-June: 1984: (Socio-religious impact on Portuguese on Karnataka, by Dr. B. S. Sastry, Portuguese horse tradeby, the concept of trade and commerce during Portuguese regime, Portuguese paleography, Luso-British relations (documents) Modi-Marathi Documents, Ganesh festivals in Goa of the past, by Carmo Azevedo, etc. Pp 130, with tables, many illustrations. Plates.

Vol-2: Number-2: July-Dec: 1984: (Luso-British relations documents, Portuguese paleography, King of Tanur & the Portuguese, A 17th Century Portuguese proconsul,
Hugli under Portuguese prior to its destruction by Shah Jehan, by A. P. Fernandes, The Immaculate conception church in Panjim, by Dr. Carmo Azevedo, etc. royal size. pp 148, with illustrations.

Vol-3: No: 1, Jan-June: 1985: (Two documents on the voyage of the Galleon Sao Pantaleao in the Carreira Da India, 1592-93, by C. R. Boxer. , Daman Port & Shipyards: 1800-1875, by Carlos Xavier, Slavery in Coastal India: with reference to Goa, Daman & Diu, Portuguese Paleography, Luso British Relations (documents), Museum at Old Goa-a glimpse, some archaeological discoveries in Due, by Narayan Vyas, new notes, book reviews, etc. pp 150, with plates,

Vol-4: No: 1, Jan-June: 1986; (Goa Inquisition-a new light on first 100 years (1561-1660). Luso-British Relations, (documents), A Rare Sculpture of Vishnu in Old Goa-Musuem, By Dr, P. R. K. Prasad, Tambi Surla Temple, etc, book revews, new notes, local History seminar, etc. pp 114, with many plates, plans, churches photographs, rebopund. royal size.

Vol-4: No: 2: July-Dec: 1986: (Indian Shipping & Maritime power of the Portuguese in 17th & 18th centuries, by Dr. S. K. Mathew, CLH Blitzkrieg in Mormugao Harbour: World War II, Luso British Relations, Portuguese paleography, historic port of TereKhol, reis magos church of Verem, Rare Find of Images, etc. pp 110, with plates, tables,

Vol-5: No: 1: Jan-June: 1987: (Goa: Past & Present. By K. S. Mathew, State Reforms in 17th Century Goa, World War II Historic Exchange of POWs in Mormugao, Lusu British Relations, Portuguese Paleography, Modi Marathi Documents, Conception Church Of Moira, Book Reviews, new Notes) Royal Size, pp 101, with illustrations.

Vol-5: No: 2: July-Dec: 1987 Nobility in Gujarat Sultanate & Portuguese during 16th Century, by Prof: K. S. Mathew, Mateus de Castro -A Rebel, by Dr. P. Kamat, Gentilism of Asia ! through Portuguse eyes, by Dr. P. P. Shirodkar, Piedade! Church at Divar, Archives week Exhibition Photographic Exhibition, etc. pp 108, with plates, rebound.

Vol-6: Number-2: July-Dec: 1988: (Cochin & Maritime Trade of India During 16th Century, A India Revolta, Portuguese Paleography, Gentilism of Asia, Through Portuguese Eyes, Archives Week Ehibition, etc. pp 108, with plates. Rebound.

Vol-7: No: 1: Jan-June: 1989: Socio-Economic History of Medieval S. India & Portuguese Historians, Indian Trade in 16th Century: French Challenge to Portuguese, A light on the Portuguese Document in code language, Portuguese paleography, modi-marathi documents, !Mae De Deus! Church of Saligao, Mother Goddess: A great Leap From Curdi to Verna, etc. pp 100, with plates,

Vol-7: No: 2: July-Dec: 1989: Luso-Chinese ties vis-a-vis Macau & its Archives, by Isau Santos, Transport system of Goa in the Past, Foral de Salcete , Potuguese Paleography, Modi-Maratha Documents, The Cathedral See, etc, Book Reviews, notes & New, pp 114, with many plates, figures.

Vol-8: No: 1: Jan-June: 1990: Special Issue India & Brazil: (Brazil's colonial administration as reflected in Goa Archives, At the Dusk of the Second Empire: Goa-Brazil Commercial Links: 1770-1826, by Celsa Pinto, Colonial Brazil and Goa: Visible and Invisible links, Goa and Brazil : Economic Ties (1700-1750 A. D. by Dr. B. S. Sastry, A Brazilian consular agent in Goa 19th Century, Indo-Brazilian Source material in Goa Historical Survey) royal size. pp 135, with many plates, photographs,

Vol-8: No: 2: July-Dec: 1990: (China & Portugal centuries old Interaction, by Dr. P. P. Shirodkar, Kannada document preserved in Goa Archives, Portuguese Paleography,
Modi-Marathi Documents, Holy Church & Convent of Franciscans, Preservation Conser-vation of Manuscripts & Books) etc. Book Reviews, news & Notes, Royal Size.
Pp 108, with plates.

Vol-9: No: 1, Jan-June: 1991: (Trade & Navigation in the Indian Ocean under the Portuguese & Akbar, Reconstruction of Saptakotishwar Temples by Shivaji-a new light, The church of clovale, preservation of old textiles, modi maratha documents, list of scholars) royal size, pp 110, with plates.

Vol-9: No: 2: July-Dec: 1991: Pulical based shipping & Trade (A. D. 1500-1530) Foral de Salcete, Portuguese paleography, modi-marathi documents, the extinct fortress of Gaspar Dias, conservation of wooden art objects, statement on scholars (1987-90) etc. royal size, pp 80, with tables, maps, plates,

Vol-10: No: 1: Jan-June: 1992: (Indian & Chinese control of the Portuguese eastern Empire (1770-1850), by Rudy Bauss. Socio-cultural interaction : Goas in Mozambique, Sao Paulo Dos Arcoss, etc. pp 108, vi, with plates, photographs.

Vol-10: No: 2: July-Dec: 1992: (Portuguese Commercial; enterprise at the port of Kilakkarai & establishment of trading settlement at Vedalai on Tamilnadu Coast, Commerces & Capitalism Model for Dutch in Malabar, Modi-Marathi Documents, Portuguese Palaeography, Foral De Salcete, Christians & Spices in Monsoon Asia, etc) pp 81, with plates,

New Series:
Volume -1: No: 2: July-Dec: 2000: Editor: Dr. S. K. Mhamai, (Portuguese presence in Mozambique during colonial era, conservation of Reis Magos Church: A Report, Portuguese paleography, other important activites, new & notes, etc. ) pp 92, with plates, colour photographs.

Vol-2: No: 1: Jan-June: 2001: (Indo-Portuguese Relations: Problems & Prospects, by Dr. B. Krishnamurthy, Indo-Portuguese Commerce & the Tesouraria Geral De Goa (1780-1840), study of watermarks on old documents in Goaarchives, Portuguese Paleography, etc. pp 70, with colour plates.

Vol-2: No: 2: July-Dec: 2001: (Syncretic Shati Pitha-the image of the Divine feminine as Santeri-Shantadurga-Saibin in Goa, by Pratima Kamal, The Paintings of Velha Goa 1538-1700, the formation of an Indo-European Legacy, Foral De Salcete, Portuguese Paleography, Marathi Documents, Few Observations on Cochin Museum Copper Plate, Pp 112, letters, colour plates.

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Selected references to travel, trade, and trade-routes in the Middle East

2007-10-15T14:03:00.000+10:00

(Excerpted from Mike Zimmerman's bibliography on the Near East)

Mike Zimmerman, The Joukowsky Institute Workplace , Brown University, Providence, RI, US
http://proteus.brown.edu/zimmerman/admin/versions.html?pageid=1727

(1986). Le Voie Royale - 9000 Ans d'Art au Royaume de Jordanie: Musée du Luxembourg 26 Novembre 1986 - 25 Janvier 1987. Paris, Association Française d'Action Artistique.
(1995). Trade, Contact, and the Movement of Peoples in the Eastern Mediterranean: Studies in Honour of J. Basil Hennessy. Sydney.
(1997). Der Königsweg: 9000 Jahre Kunst und Kultur in Jordanien und Palästina: Exhibition Cologne. Schallaburg/Munich.
Benzinger, I. (1912). Palestine et Syrie, routes principales à travers la Mésopotamie et la Babylonie, l'île de Chypre: Manuel du voyageur. Leipzig/Paris.
Borstad, K. A. (2000). Ancient Roads in the Madaba Plains of Transjordan: Research from a Geographic Perspective. Tuscon, AZ, University of Arizona.
Bruce, J. (1812). Travels Between the Years 1765 and 1773, Through Parts of Africa, Syria, Egypt, and Arabia into Abyssinia, To Discover the Source of the Nile. London.
Brünnow, R. E. v. D., A. (1905). Die Provincia Arabia, Vol. 1: Die Romerstraße von Madeba uber Petra und Odruh bis el-'Akaba. Strassburg, Trubner.
Brünnow, R. E. v. D., A. (1905). Die Provincia Arabia, Vol. 2: Der außere Limes und die Romerstraßen. Strassburg, Trubner.
Buckingham, J. S. (1821). Travels in Palestine through the Countries of Bashan and Gilead, East of the River Jordan, 1816. London.
Bulliet, R. (1975). The Camel and the Wheel. Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Burckhardt, J. (1822). Travels in Syria and the Holy Land. London, Palestine Exploration Fund.
Coon, C. (1958). Caravan: the Story of the Middle East. New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Dorsey, D. A. (1991). The Roads and Highways of Ancient Israel. Baltimore, MD, Johns Hopkins University Press.
Doughty, C. M. (1888/1979). Travels in Arabia Deserta. New York, Dover Publications.
Graham, C. C. (1858). "Explorations in the Desert East of the Hauran and in the Ancient Land of Bashan." Journal of the Royal Geographical Society 28: 226-263.
Grant, C. P. (1937). The Syrian Desert: Caravans, Travel and Exploration.
Groom, N. (1981). Frankincense and Myrrh: A Study of the Arabian Incense Trade. London.
Irby, C. L. M., J. (1823). Travels in Egypt and Nubia, Syria and Asia Minor during the Years 1817 and 1818. London.
Irby, C. L. M., J. (1844). Travels in Egypt and Nubia, Syria and the Holy Land, Including a Journey Round the Dead Sea, and Through the Country East of the Jordan. London.
Karmon, Y. (1961). "Geographical Influences on the Historical Routes in the Sharon Plain." PEQ 93: 43-60.
MacDonald, M. C. A. (1990). "Camel Hunting or Camel Raiding?" Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 1: 24-28.
MacDonald, M. C. A. (1997). Trade Routes and Trade Goods at the Northern End of the ‘Incense Road’ in the First Millenium B.C. Profumi d’Arabia. Atti del convegno. Rome: 333-49.
Mallon, A. (1924). "Voyage d'exploration au sud-est de la Mer Morte." Biblica 5: 413-455.McGarvey, J. W. (1981). Lands of the Bible: A Geographical and Topographical Description of Palestine, with Letters of Travel in Egypt, Syria, Asia Minor and Greece. Philadelphia, PA.
Merrill, S. (1881). East of the Jordan: A Record of Travel and Observation in the Countries of Moab, Gilead and Bashan. London.
Meryon, C. L. (1983). Travels of Lady Hester Stanhope III. London.
Phillips, W. (1955). Qataban and Sheba: Exploring the Ancient Kingdoms on the Biblical Spice Routes of Arabia. New York.
Potts, D. T. (1988). Trans-Arabian Routes of the Pre-Islamic Period. L'Arabie et ses Mer Bordières, Vol. I: Itinéraires et Voisinages, Séminaire de Recherche 1985-1986. J.-F. Salles. Lyon: 127-162.
Potts, D. T. (1992-93). "Rethinking Some Aspects of Trade in the Arabian Gulf." World Archaeology 24: 423-40.
Randolph, J. (1928). "Desert Routes between Baghdad and the Mediterranean." BASOR 31: 17-20.
Renfrew, C. C., J.R.; Dixon, J.E. (1973). Obsidian and Trade in the Near East. In Search of Man: Readings in Archaeology. E. L. Green. Boston, MA, Little, Brown & Co.: 251-266.
Retso, J. (1991). "The Domestication of the Camel and the Establishment of the Frankincense Road from South Arabia." Orientalia Suecana 40: 187-219.
Rostovtzeff, M. (1932). Caravan Cities. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
Saud al-Saud, A. (1996). "The Domestication of Camels and Inland Trading Routes in Arabia." ATLAL 14: 129-136.
Schumacher, G., Ed. (1886). Across the Jordan, Being an Exploration and Survey of Part of Hauran and Jaulan. London.
Shaer, M. M., B. (2003). "Cultural Interaction through the Ages: The Ninth International Conference on the History and Archaeology of Jordan." Near Eastern Archaeology 66(4): 198-199.
Sidebotham, S. E. (1986). "Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia-India Trade [1]." Münstersche Beiträge zur antiken Handelsgeschichte 5(2): 16-36.
Sidebotham, S. E. (1989). Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia-India Trade [2]. L’Arabie préislamique et son environment historique et culturel. Actes due colloque de Strasbourg 24-27 juin 1987. Leiden: 195-223.
Sidebotham, S. E. (1989). Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia-India Trade [3]. The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire. Proceedings of a colloquium held at Ankara in September 1988. Oxford: 485-509.
Sidebotham, S. E., et al. (1989). "Fieldwork on the Red Sea Coast: The 1987 Season." JARCE 26.
Sidebotham, S. E. (1991). Ports of the Red Sea and the Arabia-India Trade [4]. Rome and India. The ancient sea trade. Madison, WI: 12-38.
Stephen, J. L. (1996). Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petraea, and the Holy Land (Reprint). London, Dover Publications.
Wellsted, J. R. (1838). Travels in Arabia. London.
Wilkinson, J. (1981). Egeria's Travels to the Holy Land. Warminster/Jerusalem.
Wright, T. (1948). Early Travels in Palestine. London.

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Other Routes: 1500 Years of African and Asian Travel Writing

2007-10-12T12:50:00.000+10:00

Other Routes: 1500 Years of African and Asian Travel Writing (Paperback)
by Tabish Khair (Editor), Justin D. Edwards (Editor), Martin Leer (Editor)

Product details
• Paperback: 421 pages
• Publisher: Indiana University Press (2 Dec 2005)
• Language English
• ISBN-10: 0253218217
• ISBN-13: 978-0253218216

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Kailukari (Tawalisi) = Klaung Garai = Phan Rang-Thap Cham

2007-10-12T09:36:00.000+10:00

H-Net list for Asian History and Culture
October 10, 2007
From: Geoff Wade arigpw--at--nus.edu.sg

"The Princess Urduja cited in the query by Erwin S. Fernandez is mentioned in only one historical source -an account written by or ascribed to Ibn Battuta. In his "Travels," he makes mention of a polity he reportedly visited during the 1340-1350s on his way from Mul-Java (Java) to Zaitun (Quanzhou) and which he names as Tawalisi. Urduja was a princess of this polity. An English translation of this portion of the text can be found at pp. 876-77 in H.A.R. Gibb, The Travels of Ibn Battuta A.D. 1325-1354, Translated with revisions and notes from the Arabic text edited by C. Defrémery and B.R. Sanguinetti, completed with annotations by C.F. Beckingham, (London, The Hakluyt Society, 1994, Vol. IV). Yule, in his Cathay and the Way Thither, also provides a translation and notes (Vol. 2, pp. 473-77, 520-22)

This place named Tawalisi was the only major stop on Ibn Battuta's voyage from Java to China. It has never been formally identified, but given the known routes travelled by Arab/Persian ships to Guangzhou and later to Quanzhou, an identification of somewhere on what is today the Vietnamese coast or the island of Hainan has attracted most support. Champa, which was a major polity and port in that area, and of long-standing importance as a stop on the Islamic trade route to China, is most likely. This is supported by the geography, the mention of elephants in this place, and Yamamoto Tatsuro's equation of Kailukari, the name of the largest city in Tawalisi (according to Ibn Battuta), with the Cham name Klaung Garai. (See Yamamoto Tatsuro, "On Tawalisi as described by Ibn Battuta" in Memoirs of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko, VIII, Tokyo, 1936, p. 117.) Po Klaung Garai is the name of a Cham temple complex located at Phanrang in what is today Ninh Thuan Province [Phan Rang-Thap Cham, VN, Lat 11.5667 Long 108.9833 - tmc]. It comprises three towers dating to about 1300. It thus fits the chronology of Ibn Battuta quite well. [...]"

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Trade Routes between Bhutan, Assam, and Tibet

2007-09-28T14:14:00.002+10:00

* Ray, Indrajit and Ratna Sarkar. 2005. Reconstructing Nineteenth Century Trade Route between Bhutan and Assam: Evidences from British Political Missions. Journal of Bhutan Studies, (2005) Vol. 13.
http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/jbs/JBS_13_01.pdf

* Pommaret, Francoise. 2000. Ancient Trade Partners: Bhutan, Cooch Bihar and Assam (17th - 19th centuries). Journal of Bhutan Studies, (2000) Vol. 2, No. 1.
http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/jbs/JBS_02_01_02.pdf

* Ray, Indrajit and Ratna Sarkar. 2006. Two Nineteenth Century Trade Routes in the Eastern Himalayas: the Bhutanese trade with Tibet and Bengal. Journal of Bhutan Studies, Volume 15, Winter 2006, pp. 56-83.
http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/15-3.pdf

* Dorji Penjore. 2003. On the Mule Track to Dagana. Monograph # 1, The Centre for Bhutan Studies, Thimphu, Bhutan
http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/monoDagana.pdf
pp. 1-56
[...] The ancient footpath from Thimphu to Dagana was once an important highway in medieval Bhutan. Before the construction of motor roads in the early 1960s, it served as an important traditional highway between the southern and western Bhutan.

This traditional zhunglam was earlier trodden by deities and monks, penlop and government officials, lamas and laities, cattle and herders, porters and horses, village traders and farmers, rilang and many wild animals. The people of Dagana in particular used this road for purpose of government, business and pastoral movements. They also travelled this road to farm their summer land in Genyekha, and to pay revenues to the government. Even today, cattle herders, farmers, village businessmen and tourists continue to tread the road. [...]

Content...............................................................................................i

Author's Note....................................................................................ii
Introduction......................................................................................iii
One: Thimphu to Genyekha...............................................................1
Two: Genyekha to Kepchen.............................................................10
Three: Kepchen to Labatama...........................................................11
Four: Labatama................................................................................14
Five: Labatama to Northogang.........................................................30
Six: Northogang to Kunga...............................................................36
Seven: Kunga to Daga Dzong..........................................................43
Bibliography.....................................................................................56

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Historic Trade Routes of Tibet

2007-09-28T11:21:00.000+10:00

http://www.tibetancoins.com/III%20Tibetan%20Trade.html

[...]
The map [3] shows the historic trade routes from the time of the Tibetan Empire at its zenith to modern times. These routes can be broadly grouped as shown below.

1. The eastern route via Tachienlu to China.
2. The northeastern route via Koko Nor to China, the Turks and Siberia.
3. The northwestern route via Ladakh: to Khotan, Kaskgar, Kucha and trans-Oxania: to Bokhara and Samarkand.
4. The trans-Himalayan routes: to Ladakh, Kashmir, Indian States, Nepal, Sikkim, Cooch Behar, Bhutan, Assam.[4]
[...]

References:
[3.] Lamb, A., "British and Chinese Central Asia", 1960, Map adapted from Sketch Map, p. 3.
[4.] Beckwith, C.I., "The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia", Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1987, p 103.

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Gallery: ancient road and changes of transport in Tibet

2007-09-28T11:11:00.000+10:00

http://www.gov.cn/english/special/2006-06/30/content_324017.htm

[image]
Undated file photo shows a salt-fetching team [of a group of yaks - tmc] marches on their way in southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region. The salt-fetch teams, consisting of twenty to thirty people and some five hundred yaks, started its long journey at the end of winter every year. It took them several months to go to salt lakes and carried salt back to every family. [...] [Xinhua Photo]

[image]
Undated file photo shows a tea-carrying team [of some 40-60 mules - tmc] marches on their way in southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region. As Tibetan people keep the traditional habit of drinking tea, tea had been carried into Tibet with mules for many years. [...] [Xinhua Photo]

File photo taken in the year 1950 shows Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) walk on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau with [several thousands - tmc] camels carrying goods and materials. [Xinhua Photo]

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Haervejen/"Military Road" - Jutland's main transport road

2007-09-28T10:42:00.002+10:00

http://www.haervej.dk/english/index.htm

http://www.haervej.dk/english/historie.htm
Over the years, however, the road has been known by many other names: The Cattle Road, The Oxen Road, The King's Road, The Roman Road, or simply The Main Road. In Southern Jutland, many sections of the road are still known as "The Oxen Road".

"Hærvejen
[...] the main road in Jutland ran through the peninsula along the water divide. Hærvejen was made up of humble gravel and sunken roads. It was not just one road – rather a system of many small roads formed what we now know as Haervejen. It was used by traders and their oxen-drawn carts, cattlemen with their herds and pious pilgrims. In times of warfare, it was the natural route for the armies – hence the name, as the Danish name translates into "military road"."
http://www.haervej.dk/english/index.htm

[...]
In the 15 th century, 30-50,000 oxen were annually driven along Hærvejen. In addition to steers, horses, pigs, goats, sheep and geese were also driven along the road.
http://www.haervej.dk/english/studevej.htm

Road sections
http://www.haervej.dk/sevaerdigheder.htm

1. Viborg - Havredal Plantage
2. Stendal Plantage - Christianshøj
3. Stenholt Skov - Christianshede
4. Skærbæk - Boest
5. Nørre Snede - Kollemorten
6. Givskud - Jelling
7. Engelsholm og Vejle Ådal
8. Randbøldal og Randbøl Hedel
9. Bække
10. Vejen - Kongeåen
11. Jels
12. Vojens - Vedsted
13. Immervad - Rødekro
14. Hjordkær - Kliplev
15. Gejlå - Grænsen

[...]
[Partial] Bibliography (all DK)
http://www.haervej.dk/english/litteratur.htm

Becker-Christensen, Henrik (1981): Hærvejen i Sønderjylland: et vejhistorisk studie: fra Kongeåen til Danevirke. Institut for Grænseregionsforskning.

Becker-Christensen, Henrik (1982): Hærvejen gennem Sønderjylland: kilder, mindesmærker, turforslag. Amtscentralen for Undervisningsmidler i Sønderjylland.

Hærvejen - levendegjort på ét sted (1992). Red.: Falk Mikkelsen, Thomas Bagge og Karen Marie Ravn. Hærvejsprojektet.
[...]

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Pilgrim routes in Europe

2007-09-28T10:34:00.000+10:00

http://www.csj.org.uk/route-overview-pages.htm
The Confraternity of Saint James
Pilgrim routes in Europe

The Camino Francés
The Coastal Route or Camino del Norte
The Camino Primitivo
The Tunnel Route
The Via de la Plata
The Camino Mozárabe (Granada to Mérida)
The Camino Portugues de la Via de la Plata
The Camino Portugués
The Camino Inglés
The Cami de Llevant or Camino de Levante
The Madrid Route
The continuation to Finisterre & Muxía
The Paris Route
The Vézelay Route
The le Puy Route
The Arles Route
The (French) coastal route, la Voie de Soulac
Nürnberg to Konstanz
The Swiss Route: Konstanz to Geneva
Geneva to le Puy-en-Velay
Via Francigena
The Pilgrim Route to Nidaros: Oslo to Trondheim

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Map of the pilgrim routes to Santiago

2007-09-28T10:32:00.000+10:00

http://www.csj.org.uk/map.htm

The Confraternity of Saint James
Map of the pilgrim routes to Santiago

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Pilgrim Ways to Nidaros - The St. Olav Ways

2007-09-26T13:51:00.001+10:00

http://www.pilgrim.info/en/route.aspx?led=534830

"[...] Not long after the Saint King, Olav Haraldsson, fell in battle at Stiklestad in 1030, Nidaros became a popular goal for people seeking to redeem their souls at his shrine. Olav became Norway's patron saint, and his reputation shone far beyond the borders of his country.

Along paths and vestigial roads, through wild country and through high mountains people wended their way to Christ's Church in Nidaros, where the shrine of Olav was venerated. A substantial number of people felt the beckoning of the shrine, and pilgrimages continued there until 1537, the time of the reformation, and perhaps even beyond that.

Today we cannot pinpoint with certainty where the medieval pilgrims made their way. The trails they followed were the contemporary highways. The common road - the "people's road" - threaded along the hillsides in the valleys which had been settled first.

The road would be for walking and riding. Single-minded in its intent on reaching its destination, the road would climb up and wind down steep hills, disdaining detours around marshes or other obstacles. In hilly terrain, traffic, weather and precipitation would cause the dissolving earth and clay to seep away, leaving a distinct furrow, a sunken road. On marshy ground the road might be paved with logs, called a kavlebru - a log bridge.

Pilgrims would normally travel in companies. A day's journey might stretch up to 30 kilometres for those hardy souls who could manage to hike that far. Every 8 to 10 kilometres there would be places of rest with grazing for horses. Such pastures were called "Olav's fields". Along the way there would be inns and lodgings. The oldest places for accommodation were the simple sælehus - houses of rest - where lodgers would have to cater for themselves. Tradition also tells us of roadside crosses, pilgrims' chapels and sacred wells along the road. [...]"

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The Roads of Pilgrimages between Central Asia and Hijaz

2007-09-26T12:29:00.001+10:00

From: Central-Eurasia-L--at--fas.harvard.edu
Date: Tue, 25 Sep 2007 20:47:32 -0400
Subject: CONF.- The Roads of Pilgrimages between Central Asia and Hijaz, Tashkent, 3-4 Oct

Distrib. by: Central-Eurasia-L - Announcement List for Central Eurasian Studies

CONF.- The Roads of Pilgrimages between Central Asia & Hijaz, Tashkent, 3-4 Oct

Posted by: Alexandre Papas (alex.p--at--club-internet.fr)

The French Institute for Central Asian Studies (IFEAC),
in association with the Tashkent Islamic University, the Institute of
Oriental Studies Al-Biruni, the UNESCO and the CNRS,

is pleased to announce an international conference on:

The Roads of Pilgrimages (hajj, ziyarat) between Central Asia and Hijaz

October 3-4, 2007
Dedeman Hotel, Tashkent

Organized by Bakhtyar Babadjanov, Bayram Balci, Alexandre Papas &
Thierry Zarcone.

Conference Program:

October 3
Opening Session

Bahrom Abdukhalimov, State Advisor on Islamic Affairs

Soraya Karimova, Director of the Institute of Oriental Studies

Anna Paolini, UNESCO Representative in Uzbekistan

Rovshan Abdullaev, Rector of the Tashkent Islamic University

Bayram Balci, Director of IFEAC

Chair: Thierry Zarcone

Hamid Algar (University of California, Berkeley)
Central Asian Naqshbandis at the Haramayn

Necdet Tosun (Osh State University-Marmara University, Istanbul)
Hajj (Pilgrimage) from the Sufi Point of View

Masami Hamada (Kyoto University)
Imaginary Invitation to the pilgrimage

Alexandre Papas (CNRS, Paris)
Pilgrimage Roads and Mystical Paths: The Travels of a Qalandar Sufi,
Muhammad Zalili, from Yarkand to Mecca (17-18th-Century)

Afternoon Session

Chair: Elizaveta Nekrassova

Minoru Sawada (Toyama University, Japan)
Pilgrimage to Sacred Places in Taklamakan Desert: Mausoleums of Imams
in Khotan Province

Nadirbek Abdulakhatov (Ferghana Regional Museum, Ferghana)
"Sacred" Objects in the Mazars of Ferghana: Between Fetishism and Islam

Sharifa Toshova (Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent)
Haji of Central Asia: Itineraries and Impressions

Ashirbek Muminov (Institute of Oriental Studies, Almaty)
Isnad, Silsila, 'An'ana in Central Asia: New Aspects Appearing after
Hajj and Ziyara

Thierry Zarcone (CNRS, Paris)
The Zawiya al-Uzbakiyya at Jerusalem, a Central Asian Resting-House on
the Hajj Road

October 4
Morning Session

Chair: Ahatjan Hasanov

Lola Dodkhudaeva (Academy of Sciences, Tajikistan)
Hajj in Political Legitimization of the Rulers of Imperial Herat
(Kurts, Timurids)

Thomas Welsford (Oxford University)
Piety, Refuge and Dynastic Change: the Re-Opening of Iran to Central
Asian Pilgrim Traffic, 1600-1650

Omonullo Buriev (Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent)
Description of the Pilgrimage in Muntahab at-Tavorih by Khakimkhon Tura

Alfina Sibgatullina (Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow)
Tatar Hajjname

Shovosil Ziyodov (Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent)
Hadjnomalar (Hajj Stories): Lithographies Available in Tashkent

Afternoon Session

Chair: Alexandre Papas

Naima Neflyasheva (Center for Civilization and Regional Studies at the
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow)
Hajj from Russian Empire as a Frontier Situation

Bakhtyar Babadjanov (Institute of Oriental Studies, Tashkent)
Ziyarat to Mazars as a Form of Islamic Practice in the Soviet Era

Stephane A. Dudoignon (CNRS, Paris)
Globalised Pilgrimage? Hajj in Post Soviet Central Asia: Individual
Narratives and Collective Practices

Vladimir Bobrovnikov (Institute of Oriental Studies, Moscow)
Al-Hajj and al-Ziyara in Making (Post-)Soviet Muslims: a Comparative
Study of the Cases of Daghestan and Uzbekistan

Abdulhakim Jozjoni (Islamic University, Tashkent)
The Question of Taliban and Ziyarat in Afghanistan

The conference is open to the public and free of charge.
Contacts: balci--at--ifeac.com.uz or administration--at--ifeac.com.uz
--------------- end of forwarded message -----------------

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Trade Routes in the Eastern Jazira

2007-09-24T15:26:00.001+10:00

Altaweel, Mark & Hauser, Stefan R.
"Travelling via Hatra: Trade Routes in the Eastern Jazira according to evidence from ancient sources and modern satellite imagery" (2004)
Baghdader Mitteilungen, 2004, vol. 35, p. 57-84.
Abstract: Satellite images are used to follow the ancient trade routes centering at Hatra across northern Mesopotamia. [Author]

Altaweel, Mark. 2003. “The Roads of Ashur and Nineveh.” Akkadica 124:221-229

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[Himalayan] Routes and Treks (old and new)

2007-09-24T11:55:00.000+10:00

http://bameduniya.tripod.com/treks.html

Bhattacharji, Romesh. nd. Routes and Treks (old and new).
bameduniya.tripod.com/treks.html

* Mansarovar - Tawaghat Trek;
* Karakorum;
* Across Takling;
* Jadhganga;
* Tsom to Hanle;
* Leh Yarkhand Trek;
* Old Trading Routes [bameduniya.tripod.com/tradingroutes.html];
* Leh To Rudok;
* Leh To Khotan, Padam to Lamaryu.

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Trading routes to China across the Himalaya and attendant ranges - Kibithoo to Karakorum

2007-09-21T16:55:00.000+10:00

http://bameduniya.tripod.com/tradingroutes.html
21 Sep 2006

bameduniya.tripod.com, Waltham, MA, US

Self-description:
"The Himalaya are 2700 kms or so long and about 300 kms wide range between the Big Bend of the Tsangpo in the SE and the Big Bend of the Indus in the NW. [...] Trade routes to China pierced this topographical tangle in countless places. Kibithoo, in Lohit district of Arunachal Pradesh, is the easternmost and lowest direct route into Tibet, China. Karakorum pass in the north of Ladakh is the highest usable route to Sinkiang, China. The greater portion of Tibet's population lives in the 100 to 160 kms broad belt to its south on either side of the Brahmaputra, the Satluj and the Indus. [...] Some of the trade routes from NE to NW to Tibet & Sinkiang are listed below. Of these only 2 are functioning officially but both countries goods continue to flow across the borders from several places."

Site contents:
* Arunachal (details of 7 routes); * Sikkim (2 routes); * Uttar Pradesh (4 routes); * Himachal Pradesh (4 routes); * Ladakh (8 routes), * A 1992 list of 29 goods that can be "exported freely" to China as border barter trade through the only two Land Customs Stations (Garbyang in Uttaranchal and Shipki La in Himachal) open so far along the entire Indo-China border.

[A highly informative, packed with geographic details document by Romesh Bhattacharji published online sometime between 2003 and 2007 - ed.]

URL http://bameduniya.tripod.com/tradingroutes.html

Internet Archive (web.archive.org) [the site was not archived at the time of this abstract]

Link reported by: T. Matthew Ciolek (tmciolek--at--coombs.anu.edu.au)

* Resource type [news - documents - study - corporate info. - online guide]:
Study
* Publisher [academic - business - govt. - library/museum - NGO - other]:
Other
* Scholarly usefulness [essential - v.useful - useful - interesting - marginal]:
V.Useful
* External links to the resource [over 3,000 - under 3,000 - under 1,000
- under 300 - under 100 - under 30]: under 30

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Indo-Tibetan Trade through Uttarakhanda, India

2007-09-21T15:03:00.000+10:00

Some Dynamics of Indo-Tibetan Trade through Uttarakhanda (Kumaon-Garhwal), India
Maheshwar P. Joshi, C. W. Brown
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 30, No. 3 (1987), pp. 303-317
doi:10.2307/3631816

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Routes into Networks : The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833

2007-09-20T16:12:00.000+10:00

http://www.iserp.columbia.edu/research/working_papers/downloads/2004_07.pdf

Erikson Emily and Peter Bearman. 2004.
Routes into Networks : The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833

ISERP Working Paper 04- 07, Columbia University
http://www.iserp.columbia.edu/research/working_papers/downloads/2004_07.pdf

Abstract
Drawing on a remarkable dataset compiled from ships logs, journals, factory correspondence, ledgers, and reports that provide unusually precise information on each of the 4,572 voyages taken by English traders of the East India Company (hereafter EIC), we describe the EIC trade network over time, from 1601 to 1833.

From structural images of voyages organized by shipping seasons, we map the (over time and space) emergence of dense, fully integrated, global trade networks: of globalization before globalization. We show that the integration of the world trade system under the aegis of the EIC was the unintended by-product of systematic individual malfeasance (private trading) on the part of ship captains seeking profit from internal Eastern trade.

Keywords: principal-agent problem, networks, global trade, historical sociology, the EIC.

Extract
[...]
Data for this paper arise from The Catalogue of the East India Companys Ships Journals and Logs, 1600-1834 and The Biographical index of East India Company maritime service officers: 1600-1834, sources which integrate the journals, logs, ledgers, imprest books, pay books, receipt books, absence books, company papers, and voluminous correspondence of the Company relevant for each ship and employed officer. From the first volume, we have a complete list of the 1,480 ships (4,725 voyages) that were engaged in EIC trade from 1601 to 1835. Eighty- Routes into Networks five percent of the entries for voyages contain a complete set of ports visited with dates of arrival and departure. All ships list the trading season in which they were active and 99% percent include the intended destination. Less systematically, there is information on ship tonnage, dimensions, crew size, armaments, principal owners, and shipbuilders. In the analyses reported below, ports fall in and out of the network. [...]
-----------
[The sources in question are:
* Farrington, Anthony. 1999. Catalogue of the East India Company Ships' Journals and Logs 1600-1834. London: The British Library.
* Farrington, Anthony. 1999. Biographical Index of the East India Company Maritime Service Officers. London: The British Library.
- tmc.]

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Trade, piracy, and naval warfare in the central Mediterranean: the maritime history and archaeology of Malta

2007-09-20T14:31:00.000+10:00

http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/437

Trade, piracy, and naval warfare in the central Mediterranean: the maritime history and archaeology of Malta
Authors: Atauz, Ayse Devrim
Keywords: Malta, Mediterranean, Order of Saint John, Crusades, Maritime Archaeology
Issue Date: 30-Sep-2004
Publisher: Texas A&M University

Abstract: Located approximately in the middle of the central Mediterranean channel, the Maltese Archipelago was touched by the historical events that effected the political, economic and cultural environment of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. The islands were close to the major maritime routes throughout history and they were often on the border between clashing military, political, religious, and cultural entities. For these reasons, the islands were presumed to have been strategically and economically important, and, thus, frequented by ships. An underwater archaeological survey around the archipelago revealed the scarcity of submerged cultural remains, especially pertaining to shipping and navigation. Preliminary findings elucidate a story that contrasts with the picture presented by modern history and historiography. In this sense, a comparison of the underwater archaeological data with the information gathered through a detailed study of Maltese maritime history clearly shows that the islands were attributed an exaggerated importance in historical texts, due to political and religious trends that are rooted in the period during which the islands were under the control of the Order of Saint John. An objective investigation of the historical and archaeological material provides a more balanced picture, and places the islands in a Mediterranean-wide historical framework from the first colonization of the archipelago eight thousands years ago to the twentieth century.
URI: http://handle.tamu.edu/1969.1/437

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Trade and Trade Routes in Southern Latium in Late Antiquity

2007-09-20T14:01:00.000+10:00

Title: Trade and Trade Routes in Southern Latium in Late Antiquity
Author(s): CORSI, Cristina
Journal: BABesch - Bulletin Antieke Beschaving
Volume: 82 Issue: 1 Date: 2007
Pages: 247-256
DOI: 10.2143/BAB.82.1.2020774

Abstract :
Thanks to the research activities to prepare the Archaeological Map of an area included in the modern province of Frosinone (Southern Lazio), it is now possible to delineate the distributions of commercial goods and technical know-how, as well as the routes and itineraries of their circulation, during the poorly documented period between the end of Antiquity and the beginning of Carolingian power in Italy.
The transformations in this region during Late Antiquity can be studied via a number of approaches. It is necessary to evaluate the character of acculturation in the areas conquered by the Lombards, and trace the forms of continuity of occupation in urban centres that remained under the political influence of the Byzantines.

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Danish traders in India - two books

2007-09-17T10:56:00.000+10:00

* Krieger, Martin. Daufleute, seeraeuber und Diplomaten. Der Daenische Handel
auf dem Indischen Ozean (1620-1868). Koeln, Weimar, Wien: Bohlau Verlag,
1998.

* Diller, Stephan. Die Daenen in Indien, Suedostasien und China (1620-1845).
Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 1999.

Src: H-ASIA: Access to sources on Danes in colonial India, Sep 17, 2007.

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The Sea Route between Cheju Island and Zhejiang Province

2007-09-03T09:08:00.000+10:00

Koh, Heyryun, A Note on the Sea Route between Cheju Island and Zhejiang
Province, in A. Schottenhammer (ed.), The East Asian Maritime World
1400-1800: Its Fabrics of Power and Dynamics of Exchanges. (Wiesbaden:
Otto Harrassowitz, 2007), pp.151-168. East Asian Maritime History 4.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Latest publications from Nordic Institute of Asian Studies

2007-08-16T11:16:00.001+10:00

Date: Wed, 15 Aug 2007 16:44:38 -0700
Sender: H-Net list for Asian History and Culture (H-ASIA--at--H-NET.MSU.EDU)

Resource: Latest publications from Nordic Institute of Asian Studies
(NIAS)
***********************************************************************
From: Gerald Jackson (gerald--at--nias.ku.dk)

Dear colleagues

[...]
As copies of the following NIAS books have now arrived, I am pleased to
advise their availability. Short descriptions follow. For more details
click on (or copy and paste) the associated links.

Best wishes

Gerald Jackson
Editor in Chief, NIAS Press
(Nordic Institute of Asian Studies)

[...]

Seventeenth-Century Burma and the Dutch East India Company 1634-1680
Wil O. Dijk

Seventeenth-century Burma was rich in resources and for a while experienced
peace and security. As a result, foreigners flocked to the country's shores.
The Dutch East India Company had one of the most active foreign operations in
Burma during this period. Its vast archives discuss trade, but also contain
detailed information about the people and places that VOC officials encountered
in Burma. Wil Dijk's account of this period opens a new window into Burma's
past. This is, in short, an impressive piece of scholarship.
http://www.niaspress.dk/asian_studies_bookshop/detail.asp?ID=17th-Century%20Burma%20and%20the%20Dutch%20East%20India%20Company%201634-1680

[...]
Trade and Society in the Straits of Melaka: Dutch Melaka and English
Penang, 1780-1830
Nordin Hussin

This prize-winning study from a member of Malaysia's new generation of
historians traces the British-Dutch struggle for dominance in insular Southeast
Asia in the lead-up to the founding of Singapore. 'This is a genuine pioneering
study of Malaysian urban history that breaks much new ground.' (Tony Reid)
http://www.niaspress.dk/asian_studies_bookshop/detail.asp?ID=Trade%20and%20Society%20in%20the%20Straits%20of%20Melaka

[...]

Breeds of Empire: The 'Invention' of the Horse in Southeast Asia and
Southern Africa 1500-1950
Greg Bankoff and Sandra Swart

Ships of empire carried not just merchandise, soldiers and administrators but
also equine genes from as far afield as Europe, Arabia, the Americas, China and
Japan. In the process, they introduced horses into new lands. As a result,
horses in Thailand, the Philippine Horses, the Cape Horse in South Africa and
the Basotho Pony in Lesotho share a genetic lineage with the horse found in the
Indonesian archipelago. This book thus explores the 'invention' of specific
breeds of horse in the context of imperial design and colonial trade routes,
focusing on Southeast Asia and southern Africa as well as the colonial trade in
horses within the Indian Ocean. This is a fascinating study that will appeal
not only to scholars but also to the broad horse-reading public interested in
all things equine.
http://www.niaspress.dk/asian_studies_bookshop/detail.asp?ID=Breeds%20of%20Empire

[...]
Catalogue of Arabic Manuscripts: Codices Arabici & Codices Arabici
Additamenta
Irmeli Perho

The third volume cataloging the Arabic material at the Royal Library,
Copenhagen, describes 356 manuscripts including the latest acquisitions. 47
manuscripts are here described for the first time, whereas 309 manuscripts have
been described in a Latin catalogue printed in 1851. In the new catalogue the
mss are described in English and with more detailed information. The
acquisition history of the collection reaches from the 17th century to the
present day and the manuscripts reflect the interests of both scholars and book
collectors. The oldest manuscripts are Qur'an fragments written on parchment in
Kufi script, dating from the 9th century and the most recent manuscript is a
collection of Sufi texts copied in 1905.
http://www.niaspress.dk/asian_studies_bookshop/detail.asp?ID=Catalogue%20of%20Arabic%20Manuscripts

[...]
* * *

Gerald Jackson
Editor in Chief * NIAS Press
Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, Leifsgade 33, 2300 Copenhagen S, DENMARK
Tel: (+45) 3532 9503 * Fax: (+45) 3532 9549 * E-mail: gerald--at--nias.ku.dk
Book orders: books--at--nias.ku.dk
Web: http://www.niaspress.dk/

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

PUBL.- Historical Atlas of the Altai Region (in Russian)

2007-08-15T15:37:00.000+10:00

---------------- forwarded message -----------------
From: Central-Eurasia-L--at--fas.harvard.edu
Date: Tue, 14 Aug 2007 05:52:21 -0400
Subject: PUBL.- Historical Atlas of the Altai Region (in Russian)

PUBL.- Historical Atlas of the Altai Region (in Russian)

Posted by: Vladimir Boyko (boyko--at--uni-altai.ru)

Publication: Borodaev V. B., Kontev A. V. THE HISTORICAL ATLAS OF THE
ALTAI REGION. Cartographic materials on the history of the Ob and
Irtysh rivers upper reaches (from antiquity to the turn of 21st c.). 2nd
edition, corrected and added. Barnaul, "Azbuka" Publishers, 2007. -
216 pp., Hard-covered and published on art paper, with about 150 color
and black-white maps and illustrations. In Russian, with English
summary and content. ISBN 978-5-93957-198-2

The Historical Atlas of the Altai region is most recent book of two
talented scholars, both working at Barnaul State Pedagogical
University: Vadim B. Borodaev - research associate of the Center for
Lore History, and Dr Arkady V. Kontev, deputy head of the department
of Russian history. They are successfully co-authored several books on
the history of town/city Barnaul (including note-book for high
schools) and published individually and in tandem numerous articles on
the history of mining, gold industrial production in Altai, the
history of Western (primarily German and other West European)
scholarship on Altai and the whole Siberia.

The Historical Atlas is the first publication in which the history of
Western Siberia is represented through the use of various cartographic
materials of a broad chronological spectrum. The authors have
collected and generalized graphic sources accumulated by numerous
generations of Russian and West European cartographers. An attempt is
made in the book to show the Altai region as part of a wider
historic-geographical space. This well-illustrated book is designed
for qualified readers as well broad audience taking an interest in the
history of Western Siberia and the Altai region. It can be used as a
text book in high schools and universities for studying historical
geography and other relate fields.

Contents

The authors address
General geographic overview
The Western Siberian plain and the Altai mountains
Rivers and mountains of Western Siberia on Ancient and Middle Age maps
Unknown lands. Mountains and plains of Northern Asia on ancient maps
Muslim geography. Northern Asia on the maps of 11th-12th centuries
Mongolian sources about Altai and Siberia of 13 c.
Siberia on 15th c. maps
The first acquaintance of Russians with the Ob and the Irtysh rivers
(14th-15th c.)
Ptolomey's comeback (the middle of 14th-early 16th c.)
Northern Asia on Ptolomey's view (16th c.)
The Ob river on the map of Anthony Weed (1542)
The Ob upper reaches on the map of Sigizmund Gerberstein (1546)
The Ob riverhead on the map of Antony Jenkinson (1562)
The Ob on the map of Gerard Mercator (1594)
The Ob and the Irtysh on West European maps of the 1st half of 17th c.

The Ob an Irtysh upper reaches on Russian and West European maps of 17th c.
Russia's annexation of Western Siberia in the 2nd half of 16th-early 17th c.
The first Russian map of Siberia (1667)
Ethnic mapping of Western Siberia peoples in the middle of 17th c.
The Ob upper reaches on the map of Semeyon Remesov (the end of 17th c.)
The Boronour river on the maps of Semyon Remesov (the end of 17th c.)
"The Great Ridge Altai"
Western Siberia and the Altai mountains on the 2nd half of 17th c.
European maps

Kolyvano-Voskresensk mining department on 18th c. Russian maps
The southern part of Western Siberia in the turn of 17th-18th c.
Russia's annexation of the Ob upper reaches in the 1710s
The Ob and Irtysh upper reaches on the map of Philipp Johann
Strahlenberg (1730)
The beginning of Russian industrial exploitation of ore deposits in
Altai in the 1720s
The district of Kolyvano-Voskresensk works in 1735-1737
The Ob and Irtysh upper reaches on the first printed "Russian Atlas" (1745)
The discovery of precious metals in the Altai ores (1743-1744)
Brigadier Beyer's commission (1745)
Barnaul works and Barnaul fortress in 1752
Russian fortresses in the Ob and Irtysh upper reaches (middle-2nd half
of 18th c.)
Academician P. S. Pallase's travels in 1771
The first historical and ethnographic map of Siberia (1774)
Administrative-territorial composition of Western Siberia in the 2nd
half of the 18th c.
Mining and metallurgical industrial works in the 2nd half of 18th c.

Kolyvano-Vosckresensk mining department and the Altai mining district
on 18th c. maps
Tomsk province in early 19th c.
Tomsk province after the administrative reform 1822-24
The mining industry town Barnaul
The exploration of Altai in the 1st half of 19th c.
The ore-mining and metallurgical works of the Emperor's Cabinet in 19th c.
The first printed map of the Altai mining district (1868)
The trading fairs network and main roads in the southern part of Tomsk
province in the 2nd half of 19th c.
Chuysky highway - the trading route to Mongolia (the 2nd half of 19th c.)
Tomsk province in late 19th c.
The Altai district at the end of 19th c.

The territory of the Altai region on the 1st half of 20th c. maps
Novo-Nikolaevsk - a new town of the Altai district (the turn of 19th-20th c.)
Land relations in the Altai district in 1906-1915
The town Barnaul at early 20th c.
The Altai district 1918
The Altai province 1919
The Altai province 1920-1921
The Altai province 1922-early 1925
The southern part of Western Siberia 1925
The Siberian region (1925-1930)
The West Siberian region (1930-1937)
The making of the Altai region (September 1937)
The population of the Altai region 1937
Oirotya Autonomous Oblast 1938
Administrative composition of the Altai region 1939

The Altai region on the maps of the 2nd half of 20th-early 21st c.
Sovkhozi (state farms) of the Altai region (1961)
Land tenure in the Altai region (1973)
The Altai region at the end of 20th c.
The "Siberian Accord" and the Siberian Federal District
The contribution of "Sibsotsbank" to the economic development of the
Altai region

Notes and appendices
Commentaries
References to published illustrations
Names index
Text geographical index

Summary

All requests and orders (preferably in Russian or French) should be sent to:

The Laboratory of Lore History
Barnaul State Pedagogical University
Molodezhnaya street 55
Barnaul 656031
Russia
Tel: +7 3852 388441
Fax: +7 3852 260836
e-mail: borodaev--at--uni-altai.ru
---------------- end of forwarded message -----------------

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Two books on trade & trade routes in 19th c. Thailand

2007-06-29T11:52:00.000+10:00

(1) ------
Phokha wua tang : phubukboek kankhakhai nai muban Phak Nua khong Prathet Thai, Pho.So. 2398-2503 / Chusit Chuchat.
• Merchants--Thailand, Northern--History.
• Trade routes--Thailand, Northern--History.
• 10, 116 p. : ill., maps ; 22 cm.
• Chiang Mai : Sun Suksa Phumpanya Thongthin, 2545 [2002]
(2) ------
http://www.jimthompsonhouse.com/museum_shop/index.asp
Exhibition catalogues' section
‘Siam in Trade and War — Royal Maps of the Nineteenth Century’ will be staged at the Jim Thompson Centre for the Arts, Soi Kasemsan 2 (BTS Station National Stadium), from January 28 until March 31, 2006, 9 am. to 5 pm.
James H W Thompson Foundation
Supicha Theerasenee
Tel: 66 (0) 2216-7368
Chutima Pengsuth
Tel: 66 (0) 2762-2564
"In 1995, 17 large hand-drawn and hand-colored maps were discovered rolled up in a cupboard in the Princess Abhantri Paja Mansion in the Grand Palace. These long-lost treasures record cartographically Siamese warfare and trade during the first three reigns of the Bangkok period (1782-1851). They were at once taken to HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, who realizing their importance, undertook conservation work.

Works of art in themselves, the maps are full of historical and landscape detail which provide a wealth of material for historians and geographers of Southeast Asia. They depict the routes of war with the Burmese and trade with China, including extensive details of towns and villages, forts, religious places, ethnic minorities, plants and animals, population, distance and traveling time, and even historical events in some particular areas. Focusing on Siam and on her immediate neighbors, the collection also includes a remarkable four-metre long coastal map covering the area from peninsular Malaysia to Korea. Following their discovery, the maps were cleaned, restored and finally housed at the personal library of HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. Siam in Trade and War: Royal Maps of the Nineteenth Century also features illustrations of a fascinating collection of weapons, sacred shirts, manuscripts, Chinese porcelain and other traded goods to reflect the dual themes of war and trade.

The discovery of the maps and subsequent research carried out by Dr Santanee Phasuk, under the supervision of Professor Philip Stott, shed new light on the concerns faced by the early kings of the Chakri dynasty and overturn conventional views on indigenous cartography in Southeast Asia." Src: http://www.jimthompsonhouse.com/museum_shop/index.asp

See also
Hans-Dieter Evers, Rüdiger Korff and Suparb Pas-Ong. 1987. Trade and State Formation: Siam in the Early Bangkok Period
Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 21, No. 4. (1987), pp. 751-771.
http://www.uni-bonn.de/~hevers/papers/Evers1987-Trade_and_State_Formation_Siam1.pdf

Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%281987%2921%3A4%3C751%3ATASFSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Northeast Asian Maritime Trade Networks, 800-1000

2007-05-15T12:01:00.001+10:00

http://faroutliers.blogspot.com/search/label/Korea

"Maritime trade in East Asia began to flourish in the seventh and eighth centuries C.E. It was jump-started by Persian and Arab merchants, who traveled to and settled in ports as far from home as Guangzhou (Canton) in southern China. Later, commerce spread eastward and northward along the coast to Quanzhou, Fuzhou, Mingzhou (Ningbo), and finally Hangzhou, where merchants could gain access to the Chinese interior via the Grand Canal. Foreign trade thus became integrated to a certain extent with China's domestic economy. Although pioneered by Arabs and Persians, this route soon fell under the domination of ethnic Chinese. Meanwhile, Korean merchants established their own trade networks connecting the west coast of Silla with Laizhou, Haizhou, and other ports in north China and entering the canal system through the mouth of the Huai River. In the early ninth century, semiautonomous communities of Korean traders were scattered along much of the north China littoral.

These northern routes were further extended to Japan under the direction of the Korean tycoon Chang Pogo. Chang himself is said to have visited Kyushu in 824 and met with the governor of Chikuzen, although the validity of this account has been questioned. In any case Chang, acting by authorization of the king of Silla, was in charge of maritime defenses at the Ch'?nghae garrison on Wan Island by the late 820s or early 830s. It is probably no coincidence that the first Japanese record of "Silla merchants" in Hakata dates from 831.

However, Korean domination of the Hakata trade was short-lived, to say the least. Merchants from Tang make their first known appearance in Hakata in 842, and soon thereafter they completely replace their counterparts from Silla. Chinese merchants bypassed the Korean coastal route entirely, traveling directly across the East China Sea from locations such as Fuzhou and Mingzhou. These same ports continued to supply the bulk of foreign merchants visiting Japan after the demise of Tang (in 907), when they fell under the control, respectively, of the Wu Yue kingdom and then (after 978) the Song empire.

SOURCE: Gateway to Japan: Hakata in War and Peace, 500–1300, by Bruce L. Batten (U. Hawai‘i Press, 2006), pp. 111-112"

Src: http://faroutliers.blogspot.com/search/label/Korea, 11 May 2007

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Merchants' Manuals - The Qing Dynasty China

2007-05-07T16:46:00.000+10:00

http://www.princeton.edu/~classbib/

Merchants' Manuals - The Qing Dynasty China

• Brook, Timothy. Geographical Sources of Ming-Qing History. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1988.

• Wilkinson, Endymion. "Chinese Merchant Manuals and Route Books." Ch'ing-shih wen-t'i 2:9 (1973): 8-34.

• Wilkinson, Endymion. The History of Imperial China: A Research Guide. Cambridge: East Asian Research Center of Harvard University, 1973, pp. 122-24.

Source: Benjamin A. Elman,1996-present,
Classical Historiography For Chinese History,
12. Sources For The Qing Dynasty
http://www.princeton.edu/~classbib/

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

CLIWOC: A climatological [and trade routes'] database for the world's oceans 1750-1854

2007-03-07T11:29:00.000+11:00

http://www.knmi.nl/cliwoc/index.htm

KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), De Bilt, Netherlands

A public-access database of georeferenced positions and meteorological data collected from over 280,000 historical observations in the logbooks of Spanish, Dutch and English sailing ships engaged in trade, war, and exploration voyages across the Pacific, Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean from 1750 till 1854.

Site contents:
* CLIWOC project history;

* Metadata - CLIWOC Dutch individual ships position plots
(Pre-1750 Ships: Africa (1677), Freden (1748-1749), Maarseveen (1662-1663), Wesel (1699), [...]
1750-1799 Ships: Admiraal de Ruyter, Africaensche Galey, Agatha, Akerendam, [...]
1800-1854 Ships: Abel Tasman, Adder, Admiraal Evertsen, Admiraal Jan Evertsen [...]);

* Metadata - CLIWOC English individual ships position plots
(Ships: Acasta Active(1), Active(2), Active(3), Adamant, Admiral Pocock, [...] Worcester, Yarmouth, York, Yorke);

* Metadata - CLIWOC Spanish individual ships position plots
(Ships: Activo, El, Aguila, El, Aigle, Le, Aimable Marie Anne, L', Ambition, L', Amphitrite, L', Ana, Santa, [...], Vicente, San, Vicomte de Choiseuil, Le, Viviana, Zephir, Le)

* Metadata - CLIWOC ship positions maps and graphs
(1750-1759, 1760-1769, 1770-1779, 1780-1789, 1790-1799, 1800-1809, 1810-1819, 1820-1829, 1830-1839, 1840-1850, 1750-1850 (b/w), 1750-1850 (colour));

* CLIWOC Meteorological data 1662-1855 (Wind observations - [for all 12 month of the year], Air Temperature (C) per 5x5 degrees [for all 12 month of the year & for the whole period]);

* CLIWOC database:
Release 1.1 (23 January 2004) and
Release 1.5 (15 April 2004) [freely downloadable zipped file CLIWOC15.zip, 12.7 MB, Complete version in IMMA-format, period covers 1662-1855; contains 280,280 records, compatible with MS-DOS environment (each record ends with the combination CR/LF). Also available: Complete Database in Microsoft Access 2000 and Complete Database in Microsoft Access 97. - ed.];

* CLIWOC Publications/Literature/Media;

* Links
(CLIWOC related links,
VOC and EIC links: VOC Kennis Centrum, VOC-links, VOC-Glossarium, Bataviawerf (Batavia Yard), Tanap, VOC Site, De VOC. Scheepvaart tussen Nederland en Azie (1595-1795),
Other links)

Please note that the above details were correct on the day of their publication. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Sustaining the Empire: War, the Navy and the Contractor StateWhat did the sailors eat?

2007-03-06T14:55:00.000+11:00

http://www.nmm.ac.uk/server/show/ConWebDoc.21346/viewPage/2
National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK

[...]
The official WEEKLY scale of provisions to be supplied was:

Biscuits 7 lb/person
Beer 7 Gallons
Beef 4 lb
Pork 2 lb
Pease 2 Pint
Oatmeal 3 Pint
Butter 6 oz
Cheese 12 oz
[...]
"... various substitutes could be issued when any of the main foods were not available. For example, chickpeas or lentils were issued in place of pease in the eastern Mediterranean or in India; sugar could be used instead of oatmeal, butter or cheese, and outside home waters the daily gallon of beer was replaced by a pint of wine or half a pint of spirits. Each man was also allowed half a pint of vinegar a week."

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

Roman Roads in the Mediterranean

2007-03-06T13:51:00.000+11:00

http://www.viaeromanae.org/
The Roman Roads
This site is the outcome of a partnership between fifteen regions of Europe, France, Italy, Spain and Greece which began in 1998, within the framework of THE EUROPEAN INTERREG MEDOCC PROJECT.
[...]
VIAE LUSITANORUM in Portugal and especially through The Algarve including the sites of Baesuris, Balsa, Ossonoba (Faro), Milreu, Cerro da Vila, Lacobriga.

VIA AUGUSTA
in Catalonia,
and Valencia
and the Ruta Betica Romana in Andalousia

VIA DOMITIA in Languedoc-Roussillon where you can find the route of the roman road, especially around Beaucaire, Nimes, Pont du Gard, Ambrussum (Lunel), Pinet et Loupian, Béziers and Ensérune, Narbonne and across the Pyrenees.

VIA DOMITIA in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region with the sites of Tarascon, Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, Cavaillon, Apt, Céreste, Lurs and Ganagobie, Sisteron and the Montgenèvre mountain pass along the route of the Via Domitia.

VIA CORSICA in Corsica

VIA AEMILIA SCAURI, VIA POSTUMIA & VIA AURELIA in Liguria

ROAD OF GAUL in the Aosta valley especially the Pont d'Ael, a dramatic natural site noted for the aqueduct-bridge.

VIA FLAMINIA in Umbria (text only in Italian)

VIA APPIA, VIA SEVERIANA, VIA AURELIA & VIA FLAMINIA in Lazio (text only in Italian)

VIA EGNATIA in West Macedonia and the sites of Florina, Petres Amyntaion, Spilia-Pyrgoi and Aiani.

VIA EGNATIA in East Macedonia -Thrace you can follow the Via Egnatia (text only in Greek)to Advira, Amphipolis, Anastasioupolis, Kavala, Maroneia, Makri, Filipoi, Mesemvira.

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com

An online map of footpaths and goat tracks in Trans-Jordan, 1945-1946

2007-02-21T17:16:00.000+11:00

http://www.aiys.org/aodl/public/medmaps/Digital_Maps_MEDMAPS_project.htm

Digital Maps from the the Mapping Mediterranean Lands Project
[...]
American Center of Oriental Research

Jordan. Dept of Lands and Surveys. Trans-Jordan Track Map: Sharq Al-Urdun-kartt Muasalat. Survey of Palestine, 1945-1946. 1 map on 2 sheets. Sheet 1, sheet 2. 43 x 67 cms and 48.3 x 66 cms. A very interesting map of footpaths and goat tracks. Also with Arabic text. M.32

http://www.aiys.org/aodl/public/medmaps/ACOR_map_scans/Trans-Jordan_track_map1.jpg
http://www.aiys.org/aodl/public/medmaps/ACOR_map_scans/Trans-Jordan_track_map2.jpg
[...]

Please note that the above details were correct on the day this post was published. To suggest an update, please email the site's editor at tmciolek@ciolek.com