DATASET: The Silk Road from the Adriatic to the Pacific (1200 CE-1400 CE)

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcTRm1200b.html

121 data points defining Silk Road routes across the Middle East, the Caucasus, Central Asia and China

Source:
Anonymous-6. n.d. A map 'The role of silk in history', The Silk Road - From the Adriatic to the Pacific; the Road of Love, Peace and Brotherhood. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ankara, Republic of Turkey. [www.mfa.gov.tr/grupc/ca/caa/uu/silkroad.htm]

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DATASET: The Anatolian Silk Road (1200 CE-1400 CE)

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcTRm1200a.html

191 data points defining Silk Road routes across Anatolia

Source:
Anonymous-5. n.d. A map 'The Anatolian silk road itinerary', The Silk Road - From the Adriatic to the Pacific; the Road of Love, Peace and Brotherhood. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ankara, Republic of Turkey. [www.mfa.gov.tr/grupc/ca/caa/uu/silkroad.htm]

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DATASET: North African trade routes in 14th-20th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcDZm1300b.html

33 data points defining 14th-20th c. major trade routes across territories of today's Algeria, Chad, Egypt, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, and Tunisia

Source:
al-Naqar, Umar. 1972. The Pilgrimage Tradition in West Africa. Khartoum: Khartoum University Press. [map 'African Pilgrimage Routes to Mecca, ca. 1300-1900.'. Reprinted on p. 562 in: Wolfe, Michael (ed.). 1997. One Thousand Roads to Mecca. New York: Grove Press]

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DATASET: North African pilgrimage routes in 14th-20th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcDZm1300a.html

135 data points defining 14th-20th c. major pilgrimage routes across territories of today's Algeria, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, and Tunisia

Source:
al-Naqar, Umar. 1972. The Pilgrimage Tradition in West Africa. Khartoum: Khartoum University Press. [map 'African Pilgrimage Routes to Mecca, ca. 1300-1900.'. Reprinted on p. 562 in: Wolfe, Michael (ed.). 1997. One Thousand Roads to Mecca. New York: Grove Press]

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DATASET: Land trade routes in the SE Mediterranean 150-230 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcEGm0200.html

45 data points defining Roman land trade routes in the SE Mediterranean

Source:
Stone, Norman (ed.). 1989. "The Times" Atlas of World History. Third edition. London: Times Books Ltd. pp.91

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DATASET: Islamic trade and pilgrimage routes (1300 CE-1600 CE)

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZMEm1300.html

149 data points defining major trade and pilgrimage routes across the eastern Mediterranean, Middle East, Central Asia and Indian Ocean

Source:
A map "The Islamic heartlands showing the main trade and hajj routes", pp. 8-9, in: Michell, George. (ed.). 1978. Architecture of the Islamic World - Its History and Social Meaning. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.

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Ecarta: Transportation History

http://encarta.msn.com/text_761558787___2/Transportation.html

"The history of transportation is largely one of technological innovation. Advances in technology have allowed people to travel farther, explore more territory, and expand their influence over larger and larger areas. Even in ancient times, new tools such as foot coverings, skis, and snowshoes lengthened the distances that could be traveled. As new inventions and discoveries were applied to transportation problems, travel time decreased while the ability to move more and larger loads increased. Innovation continues today, and transportation researchers are working to find new ways to reduce costs and increase transportation efficiency."

[Sections: A. Animals and the Wheel; B. Water Transportation; C. Steam and Internal-Combustion Engines; D. Recent Trends]


Contributed By:
Michael D. Meyer, B.S.C.E., M.S.C.E., Ph.D., P.E.
Professor and Chair, School of Civil Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.
"Transportation," Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2005

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