DATASET: Trade and transportation routes in Tibet circa 1900-1950 CE - dataset 2

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcCNm1950a.html

14 data points defining routes connecting Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Yatung, Gyantse, Shigatse, Lhasa, Sakya, Nagchukha, Kumbum, and Beijing

Source:
Gyatso, Tenzin. 1992. Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of His Holiness the Dalai Lama of Tibet. London: Abacus Books.
Norbu, Dawa T. 1997. Tibet: The Road Ahead. London: Random House.
Norbu, Thubten Jighe and Colin Turnbull. 1976. Tibet: Its History, Religion and People. Hardmondsworth: Penguin Books.

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DATASET: Amber Road routes in Antiquity (200 BCE-400 CE)

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZCEm0100.html

32 data points defining major Amber Road between Baltic Sea and the Adriatic

The Central European Amber Road, online map in "Die Oesterreichische Bernsteinstrasse", www.bernsteinstrasse.net/eng/amber_road.htm , email: bernsteinstrasse@nextra.at
Wojtowicz, Piotr. 1956. Zycie Gospodarczo-Spoleczne Dawnej Polski [The Socio-Economic Life of Old Poland]. pp. 252-279 In: Paszkiewicz, Henryk (ed.). 1956. Polska i jej Dorobek Dziejowy [Poland and Her Historical Achievement]. London: Ksiegarnia Polska Orbis - Polonia.

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DATASET: Maritime trade routes in the Mediterranean in 200 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcXMEm0200.html

46 data points defining Roman sea trade routes in the Mediterranean

Stone, Norman (ed.). 1989. "The Times" Atlas of World History. Third edition. London: Times Books Ltd. pp.91.
Scullard, H.H. 1970. From the Gracchi to Nero: a History of Rome from 133 B.C. to A.D. 68. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd.
Casson, Lionel. 1984. Ancient Trade and Society. Detroit: Wayne State University Press.

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DATASET: Viking trade routes across Baltic Sea in 9th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcXBLm0800.html

7 data points defining 9th c. maritime trade routes between territories of today's Germany, Denmark, Poland, Sweden, and Estonia

Source:
Humnicki, J. and Borawska, D. (eds.). 1969a. Mapa 1: Slowianszczyzna Zachodnia w IX w. [Map 1: Western Slaws in the 9th c. A draft map, two colours, scale 1:5 mln]. In: Lowmianski, Henryk (ed.). 1969. Historia Polski: Tom 1 do roku 1764, czesc III - Chronologia, Bibliografia, Indexy, Tablice Genealogiczne, Mapy. [History of Poland: Vol 1 till 1764, part III - Chronology, Bibliography, Indices, Genealogical Tables, Maps] Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

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DATASET: Viking trade routes in Russia and Ukraine in 11th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcUAm1000.html

10 data points defining 11th c. Viking trade routes between territories of today's Sweden, Russia, Ukraine and Turkey

Humnicki, J. and Borawska, D. (eds.). 1969b. Mapa 2: Polska za Boleslawa Chrobrego (992-1025). [Map 2: Poland during the rule of Boleslaw Chrobry (992-1025). A draft map, two colours, scale 1:5 mln]. In: Lowmianski, Henryk (ed.). 1969. Historia Polski: Tom 1 do roku 1764, czesc III - Chronologia, Bibliografia, Indexy, Tablice Genealogiczne, Mapy. [History of Poland: Vol 1 till 1764, part III - Chronology, Bibliography, Indices, Genealogical Tables, Maps] Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

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DATASET: Major trade roads in Poland and adjacent border regions in 1200-1450 CE.

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcPLm1370b.html

35 data points defining major trade roads in the 13th-15th c. Poland

Source:
Wojtowicz, Piotr. 1956. Zycie Gospodarczo-Spoleczne Dawnej Polski [The Socio-Economic Life of Old Poland]. pp. 252-279, and especially pp. 261, but excluding information in the map "Trade roads at the times of Casimir the Great." at pp. 254. In: Paszkiewicz, Henryk (ed.). 1956. Polska i jej Dorobek Dziejowy [Poland and Her Historical Achievement]. London: Ksiegarnia Polska Orbis - Polonia.

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DATASET: Major trade roads in Poland and adjacent border regions in 1340-1400 CE.

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcPLm1370a.html

152 data points defining major trade roads in the 14th-15th c. Poland

Wojtowicz, Piotr. 1956. Zycie Gospodarczo-Spoleczne Dawnej Polski [The Socio-Economic Life of Old Poland], map "Trade roads at the times of Casimir the Great", pp. 254. In: Paszkiewicz, Henryk (ed.). 1956. Polska i jej Dorobek Dziejowy [Poland and Her Historical Achievement]. London: Ksiegarnia Polska Orbis - Polonia.

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DATASET: Major trade roads in Poland and adjacent border regions in 1370 CE.

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcPLm1370.html

43 pairs of data points defining major trade roads in the 14th c. Poland

Source:
Rutkowski, Henryk (ed.). 1980a. Polska za Kazimierza Wielkiego (1370). [Poland during the reign of Casimir the Great (1370)] A map, four colours, scale 1:5 mln]. In: Tazbir, Janusz. 1980. Zarys Historii Polski. [An Outline of the History of Poland]. Warszawa: Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy.

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DATASET: Major roads in Poland 1120-1180 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcPLm1150.html

165 data points defining major roads across 12th c. Poland

Source:
Humnicki, J. and Lalik,T. (eds.). 1957b. Mapa 2b: Szkic wazniejszych szlakow drogowych Polski w drugiej polowie XII w. [Map 2b: An outline of the major road networks in Poland during the 2nd half of the 12th c. A draft map, 4 colours, scale 1:9 mln]. In: Smolka, Stanislaw. 1959. Mieszko Stary i jego wiek [Mieszko the Elder and his Age]. Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe. Also reprinted as a two-colour map,1:9 mln scale, In: Lowmianski, Henryk (ed.). 1969. Historia Polski: Tom 1 do roku 1764, czesc III - Chronologia, Bibliografia, Indexy, Tablice Genealogiczne, Mapy. [History of Poland: Vol 1 till 1764, part III - Chronology, Bibliography, Indices, Genealogical Tables, Maps] Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

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DATASET: French pilgrimage routes from 1000 CE till 1500 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcFRm1500.html

38 data points defining major mediaeval pilgrimage routes across France to Santiago de Compostela

Source:
Map 'The chief pilgrimage routes across France to Santiago de Compostela.' pp. 52 in Zarnecki, George. 1985. The Monastic World: The Contributions of The Orders. pp. 36-66, in Evans, Joan (ed.). 1985. The Flowering of the Middle Ages. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd.

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DATASET: French pilgrimage routes in 10th-20th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcFRm1300.html

73 data points defining major 10th-20th c. pilgrimage routes across Midi-Pyrenees, France

Source:
Souter, Gillian and John Souter. 2000. Classic Walks in Western Europe. Lewisham, NSW, Australia: Off The Shelf Publishing.
Davies, Norman. 1997. Europe: a History. London: Pimlico Random House. [a map The Roads to Santiago de Compostela, p.1253].

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DATASET: Spanish pilgrimage routes in 1999 CE.

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcESm1999.html

35 data points defining a pilgrimage route across Spain used in late 20th c.

Source:
Loiselle, Robert. n.d. Mon Camino de Santiago: Pelerinage a Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, 29 avril au 10 juin 1999.
linux.ntic.qc.ca/~rloise/bouddhisme/presenta/santiago.html

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DATASET: Spanish pilgrimage routes from 900 CE till 2000 CE.

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcESm1400.html

37 data points defining major post 10th c. pilgrimage routes across Spain and France

Source:
Bardwell, Sandra et al. 2000. Walking in France. Melbourne: Lonely Planet Publications. [a map on p.21].
Davies, Norman. 1997. Europe: a History. London: Pimlico Random House. [a map The Roads to Santiago de Compostela, p.1253].

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DATASET: Central European trade routes in 9th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcCZm0800.html

19 data points defining 9th c. major trade routes across territories of today's Germany, Austria, Czech Republic and Poland

Source:
Humnicki, J. and Borawska, D. (eds.). 1969a. Mapa 1: Slowianszczyzna Zachodnia w IX w. [Map 1: Western Slaws in the 9th c. A draft map, two colours, scale 1:5 mln]. In:
Lowmianski, Henryk (ed.). 1969. Historia Polski: Tom 1 do roku 1764, czesc III - Chronologia, Bibliografia, Indexy, Tablice Genealogiczne, Mapy. [History of Poland: Vol 1 till 1764, part III - Chronology, Bibliography, Indices, Genealogical Tables, Maps] Warszawa: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe.

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Silk Road routes from Antiquity to the 15th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZCAm1000a.html

40 data points defining major Silk Road between Iran and China

Anonymous-4. 1991. A Guide to China Xinjiang and Its Neighbouring Countries (Partial). Urumqi?: China Xinjiang Overseas Tourist Corp and Xinjiang China International Travel Service. [Inset: "A Map of the Silk Road for Tourists"].

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DATASET: Silk Road routes from Antiquity to the 15th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZCAm1000.html

45 data points defining major Silk Road between Levant, China and India

Source:
Foltz, Richard C. 1999. Religions of the Silk Road: Overland Trade and Cultural Exchange from Antiquity to the Fifteenth Century. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. [Three maps, "The Silk Road" p.x-xi, "Central Asia" p.xii, "Religious minorities along the eastern Silk Road" p.xiii].

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DATASET: Silk Road routes between the Mediterranean, Iran and China from 200 BCE to 1400 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZCAm0600.html

55 data points defining major Silk Road routes between the Mediterranean, Iran and China

Source:
Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. 1988. Die Seidenstrasse: Handelsweg and Kulturbruecke zwischen Morgen- and Abendland. Koeln: DuMont Buchverlag. [Map: 'Die Route der historischen Seidenstrasse, dargestelt in den heutigen politischen Grenzen.' Scale 1:25M]

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DATASET: Silk Road routes from 200 BCE to 500 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZCAm0200.html

27 data points defining major Silk Road routes between the Mediterranean, Persia and China

Source:
Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. 1988. Die Seidenstrasse: Handelsweg and Kulturbruecke zwischen Morgen- and Abendland. Koeln: DuMont Buchverlag. [Map, pp. 9.: 'Der Verlauf der Seidenstrasse vom Iran nach China.']

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DATASET: Roads in the 13th c. CE Cambodia [Khmer]

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcKHm1200.html

36 data points defining various roads and movement corridors in SouthEast Asia

Source:
HATANO, Naoki. 2002. [An unnamed map of ancient Khmer] (v. Jul 2002).
www.hatano-unet.ocn.ne.jp/angkor/angkor/maps/cam_map.htm
a copy of Hatano's original map is available at
http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/images/extra-images/hatano-naoki-KHm1200.gif

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DATASET: Roads in India during Mughal rule 1556-1707

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcINm1550.html

88 data points defining roads in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan

Source:
Farooque, Abdul K.M. 1977. Roads and Communications in Mughal India. Delhi: Idarah-I Adabiyat-I Delli. Map 1 (pp.56-57); Map 2 (pp.216-217), Map 3 (pp.220-221)

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DATASET: Middle East trade routes in 7th-6th c. BCE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcILa0600.html

13 data points defining 7th-6th c. BCE. major trade routes across territories of today's Israel and Jordan

Source:
Cohen, Rudolph and Yigal Yisrael. 1995. The Iron Age Fortresses at 'En Haseva.
www.asor.org/BA/Cohen.html

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DATASET: Hellenistic trade routes 350-100 BCE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcGRa0350.html

52 data points defining Hellenistic land and sea trade routes between Greece and the East

Source:
Scarre, Chris (ed.). 1988. Past Worlds: The "Times" Atlas of Archaeology. London: Times Books Ltd. pp. 165

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DATASET: Roads in NW China in the early 20th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcCNm1920.html

111 data points defining roads connecting Lanzhou, Zhangye, Hami, Urumqi and Tacheng

Source:
Cable, Mildred and Franchesca French. 1947. Through Jade Gate and Central Asia: An account of Journeys in Kansu, Turkestan and the Gobi Desert. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd. [11th edition. First printed 1927. Includes a map of Sinkiang and the travelled route, scale 1 inch: 100 miles (approx 1:6.57M)].

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DATASET: Miscellaneous roads across the Karakoram and Pamirs

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcAFm1900.html

17 data points defining various roads and movement corridors in the Karakoram and Pamirs

Source:
Walker, Annabel. 1995. Aurel Stein: Pioneer of the Silk Road. London: John Murray.

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DATASET: Moroccan and Trans-Saharan trade routes 200 CE to 1930 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcMAm1500.html

20 data points defining caravan routes across Atlas Mountains and Sahara

Source:
de Rouvray, Cristel. 2001. Expeditions in Morocco: Caravane Route Itinerary.
http://www.leoafricanus.com/expeditions/trip2_2-2001/Itinerary2.html

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