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20 September 2007

Routes into Networks : The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833

http://www.iserp.columbia.edu/research/working_papers/downloads/2004_07.pdf

Erikson Emily and Peter Bearman. 2004.
Routes into Networks : The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833

ISERP Working Paper 04- 07, Columbia University
http://www.iserp.columbia.edu/research/working_papers/downloads/2004_07.pdf

Abstract
Drawing on a remarkable dataset compiled from ships logs, journals, factory correspondence, ledgers, and reports that provide unusually precise information on each of the 4,572 voyages taken by English traders of the East India Company (hereafter EIC), we describe the EIC trade network over time, from 1601 to 1833.

From structural images of voyages organized by shipping seasons, we map the (over time and space) emergence of dense, fully integrated, global trade networks: of globalization before globalization. We show that the integration of the world trade system under the aegis of the EIC was the unintended by-product of systematic individual malfeasance (private trading) on the part of ship captains seeking profit from internal Eastern trade.

Keywords: principal-agent problem, networks, global trade, historical sociology, the EIC.

Extract
[...]
Data for this paper arise from The Catalogue of the East India Companys Ships Journals and Logs, 1600-1834 and The Biographical index of East India Company maritime service officers: 1600-1834, sources which integrate the journals, logs, ledgers, imprest books, pay books, receipt books, absence books, company papers, and voluminous correspondence of the Company relevant for each ship and employed officer. From the first volume, we have a complete list of the 1,480 ships (4,725 voyages) that were engaged in EIC trade from 1601 to 1835. Eighty- Routes into Networks five percent of the entries for voyages contain a complete set of ports visited with dates of arrival and departure. All ships list the trading season in which they were active and 99% percent include the intended destination. Less systematically, there is information on ship tonnage, dimensions, crew size, armaments, principal owners, and shipbuilders. In the analyses reported below, ports fall in and out of the network. [...]
-----------
[The sources in question are:
* Farrington, Anthony. 1999. Catalogue of the East India Company Ships' Journals and Logs 1600-1834. London: The British Library.
* Farrington, Anthony. 1999. Biographical Index of the East India Company Maritime Service Officers. London: The British Library.
- tmc.]


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07 March 2007

CLIWOC: A climatological [and trade routes'] database for the world's oceans 1750-1854

http://www.knmi.nl/cliwoc/index.htm

KNMI (Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute), De Bilt, Netherlands

A public-access database of georeferenced positions and meteorological data collected from over 280,000 historical observations in the logbooks of Spanish, Dutch and English sailing ships engaged in trade, war, and exploration voyages across the Pacific, Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean from 1750 till 1854.

Site contents:
* CLIWOC project history;

* Metadata - CLIWOC Dutch individual ships position plots
(Pre-1750 Ships: Africa (1677), Freden (1748-1749), Maarseveen (1662-1663), Wesel (1699), [...]
1750-1799 Ships: Admiraal de Ruyter, Africaensche Galey, Agatha, Akerendam, [...]
1800-1854 Ships: Abel Tasman, Adder, Admiraal Evertsen, Admiraal Jan Evertsen [...]);

* Metadata - CLIWOC English individual ships position plots
(Ships: Acasta Active(1), Active(2), Active(3), Adamant, Admiral Pocock, [...] Worcester, Yarmouth, York, Yorke);

* Metadata - CLIWOC Spanish individual ships position plots
(Ships: Activo, El, Aguila, El, Aigle, Le, Aimable Marie Anne, L', Ambition, L', Amphitrite, L', Ana, Santa, [...], Vicente, San, Vicomte de Choiseuil, Le, Viviana, Zephir, Le)

* Metadata - CLIWOC ship positions maps and graphs
(1750-1759, 1760-1769, 1770-1779, 1780-1789, 1790-1799, 1800-1809, 1810-1819, 1820-1829, 1830-1839, 1840-1850, 1750-1850 (b/w), 1750-1850 (colour));

* CLIWOC Meteorological data 1662-1855 (Wind observations - [for all 12 month of the year], Air Temperature (C) per 5x5 degrees [for all 12 month of the year & for the whole period]);

* CLIWOC database:
Release 1.1 (23 January 2004) and
Release 1.5 (15 April 2004) [freely downloadable zipped file CLIWOC15.zip, 12.7 MB, Complete version in IMMA-format, period covers 1662-1855; contains 280,280 records, compatible with MS-DOS environment (each record ends with the combination CR/LF). Also available: Complete Database in Microsoft Access 2000 and Complete Database in Microsoft Access 97. - ed.];

* CLIWOC Publications/Literature/Media;

* Links
(CLIWOC related links,
VOC and EIC links: VOC Kennis Centrum, VOC-links, VOC-Glossarium, Bataviawerf (Batavia Yard), Tanap, VOC Site, De VOC. Scheepvaart tussen Nederland en Azie (1595-1795),
Other links)

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01 May 2004

DATASET: Silk Road routes between the Mediterranean, Iran and China from 200 BCE to 1400 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZCAm0600.html

55 data points defining major Silk Road routes between the Mediterranean, Iran and China

Source:
Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. 1988. Die Seidenstrasse: Handelsweg and Kulturbruecke zwischen Morgen- and Abendland. Koeln: DuMont Buchverlag. [Map: 'Die Route der historischen Seidenstrasse, dargestelt in den heutigen politischen Grenzen.' Scale 1:25M]



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DATASET: Silk Road routes from 200 BCE to 500 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcZCAm0200.html

27 data points defining major Silk Road routes between the Mediterranean, Persia and China

Source:
Klimkeit, Hans-Joachim. 1988. Die Seidenstrasse: Handelsweg and Kulturbruecke zwischen Morgen- and Abendland. Koeln: DuMont Buchverlag. [Map, pp. 9.: 'Der Verlauf der Seidenstrasse vom Iran nach China.']



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DATASET: Roads in the 13th c. CE Cambodia [Khmer]

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcKHm1200.html

36 data points defining various roads and movement corridors in SouthEast Asia

Source:
HATANO, Naoki. 2002. [An unnamed map of ancient Khmer] (v. Jul 2002).
www.hatano-unet.ocn.ne.jp/angkor/angkor/maps/cam_map.htm
a copy of Hatano's original map is available at
http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/images/extra-images/hatano-naoki-KHm1200.gif



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DATASET: Roads in India during Mughal rule 1556-1707

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcINm1550.html

88 data points defining roads in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan

Source:
Farooque, Abdul K.M. 1977. Roads and Communications in Mughal India. Delhi: Idarah-I Adabiyat-I Delli. Map 1 (pp.56-57); Map 2 (pp.216-217), Map 3 (pp.220-221)



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DATASET: Middle East trade routes in 7th-6th c. BCE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcILa0600.html

13 data points defining 7th-6th c. BCE. major trade routes across territories of today's Israel and Jordan

Source:
Cohen, Rudolph and Yigal Yisrael. 1995. The Iron Age Fortresses at 'En Haseva.
www.asor.org/BA/Cohen.html



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DATASET: Hellenistic trade routes 350-100 BCE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcGRa0350.html

52 data points defining Hellenistic land and sea trade routes between Greece and the East

Source:
Scarre, Chris (ed.). 1988. Past Worlds: The "Times" Atlas of Archaeology. London: Times Books Ltd. pp. 165



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DATASET: Roads in NW China in the early 20th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcCNm1920.html

111 data points defining roads connecting Lanzhou, Zhangye, Hami, Urumqi and Tacheng

Source:
Cable, Mildred and Franchesca French. 1947. Through Jade Gate and Central Asia: An account of Journeys in Kansu, Turkestan and the Gobi Desert. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd. [11th edition. First printed 1927. Includes a map of Sinkiang and the travelled route, scale 1 inch: 100 miles (approx 1:6.57M)].



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DATASET: Miscellaneous roads across the Karakoram and Pamirs

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcAFm1900.html

17 data points defining various roads and movement corridors in the Karakoram and Pamirs

Source:
Walker, Annabel. 1995. Aurel Stein: Pioneer of the Silk Road. London: John Murray.



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DATASET: Moroccan and Trans-Saharan trade routes 200 CE to 1930 CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcMAm1500.html

20 data points defining caravan routes across Atlas Mountains and Sahara

Source:
de Rouvray, Cristel. 2001. Expeditions in Morocco: Caravane Route Itinerary.
http://www.leoafricanus.com/expeditions/trip2_2-2001/Itinerary2.html



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25 April 2004

DATASET: Silk routes in Kyrgyzstan 100 BCE-1400 CE - dataset 5

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcKGa0100e.html

57 data points defining the 'silk routes' in Kyrgyzstan and adjacent countries

Source:
Kolobova, Svetlana. n.d. Lake Issyk-Kul: History. Novosibirsk: Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences.
www.uiggm.nsc.ru/issyk-kul/history.htm



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28 March 2004

DATASET: Silk routes in Kyrgyzstan 100 BCE-1400 CE - dataset 2

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcKGa0100b.html

16 data points defining the 'silk routes' in Kyrgyzstan and adjacent countries

Source:
Unusaliev M.B. and K.S. Tabaldiev. 1998. Archeological Research at the Kumtor Deposit's Area in 1997. (v. 30 Apr 2001).
kumtor.online.kg/english.html



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27 March 2004

DATASET: Silk routes in Kyrgyzstan 100 BCE-1400 CE - dataset 3

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcKGa0100c.html

42 data points defining the 'silk routes' in Kyrgyzstan and adjacent countries

Source:
Artrek. 2001. Travel Notes. Monuments of Great Silk road in Kyrgyzstan.
web.archive.org/web/20011020185331/http://www.artrek.elcat.kg/kyrgyzstan/articl.htm



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26 March 2004

DATASET: Silk routes in Kyrgyzstan 100 BCE-1400 CE - dataset 1

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcKGa0100a.html

37 data points defining the 'silk routes' in Kyrgyzstan and adjacent countries

Artrek. n.d. Kyrgyzstan: Great Silk Road. [A draft map, scale approx 1:6.2M]
http://www.artrek.elcat.kg/href/kyrgyzstan_En.htm



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20 March 2004

DATASET: Silk routes in Kyrgyzstan 100 BCE-1400 CE - dataset 4

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcKGa0100d.html

32 data points defining the 'silk routes' in Kyrgyzstan and adjacent countries

Source:
ITMC Tien Shan. n.d. Kirghizstan. (v. 15 Mar 2004).
www.geocities.com/Pipeline/Slope/6009/kirgh.html
(this information is also published in:)
www.kyrgyz-embassy.org.uk/html/tourism/silkroad.htm
www.dd.volga.ru/itmc/kyrgyzstan/k_3.htm



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18 February 2002

DATASET: Silk Road routes in NW China 2nd to the 15th c. CE

http://www.ciolek.com/OWTRAD/DATA/tmcCNm1000.html

89 data points defining major Silk Road links between Dunhuang and Kashgar

Source:
Anonymous-4. 1991. A Guide to China Xinjiang and Its Neghbouring Countries (Partial). Urumqi?: China Xinjiang Overseas Tourist Corp and Xinjiang China International Travel Service. [A tourist map, main block of information].



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