Trade Routes between Bhutan, Assam, and Tibet

* Ray, Indrajit and Ratna Sarkar. 2005. Reconstructing Nineteenth Century Trade Route between Bhutan and Assam: Evidences from British Political Missions. Journal of Bhutan Studies, (2005) Vol. 13.
http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/jbs/JBS_13_01.pdf

* Pommaret, Francoise. 2000. Ancient Trade Partners: Bhutan, Cooch Bihar and Assam (17th - 19th centuries). Journal of Bhutan Studies, (2000) Vol. 2, No. 1.
http://www.thdl.org/texts/reprints/jbs/JBS_02_01_02.pdf

* Ray, Indrajit and Ratna Sarkar. 2006. Two Nineteenth Century Trade Routes in the Eastern Himalayas: the Bhutanese trade with Tibet and Bengal. Journal of Bhutan Studies, Volume 15, Winter 2006, pp. 56-83.
http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/15-3.pdf

* Dorji Penjore. 2003. On the Mule Track to Dagana. Monograph # 1, The Centre for Bhutan Studies, Thimphu, Bhutan
http://www.bhutanstudies.org.bt/admin/pubFiles/monoDagana.pdf
pp. 1-56
[...] The ancient footpath from Thimphu to Dagana was once an important highway in medieval Bhutan. Before the construction of motor roads in the early 1960s, it served as an important traditional highway between the southern and western Bhutan.

This traditional zhunglam was earlier trodden by deities and monks, penlop and government officials, lamas and laities, cattle and herders, porters and horses, village traders and farmers, rilang and many wild animals. The people of Dagana in particular used this road for purpose of government, business and pastoral movements. They also travelled this road to farm their summer land in Genyekha, and to pay revenues to the government. Even today, cattle herders, farmers, village businessmen and tourists continue to tread the road. [...]

Content...............................................................................................i

Author's Note....................................................................................ii
Introduction......................................................................................iii
One: Thimphu to Genyekha...............................................................1
Two: Genyekha to Kepchen.............................................................10
Three: Kepchen to Labatama...........................................................11
Four: Labatama................................................................................14
Five: Labatama to Northogang.........................................................30
Six: Northogang to Kunga...............................................................36
Seven: Kunga to Daga Dzong..........................................................43
Bibliography.....................................................................................56

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Trade Routes in the Eastern Jazira

Altaweel, Mark & Hauser, Stefan R.
"Travelling via Hatra: Trade Routes in the Eastern Jazira according to evidence from ancient sources and modern satellite imagery" (2004)
Baghdader Mitteilungen, 2004, vol. 35, p. 57-84.
Abstract: Satellite images are used to follow the ancient trade routes centering at Hatra across northern Mesopotamia. [Author]


Altaweel, Mark. 2003. “The Roads of Ashur and Nineveh.” Akkadica 124:221-229

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Indo-Tibetan Trade through Uttarakhanda, India

Some Dynamics of Indo-Tibetan Trade through Uttarakhanda (Kumaon-Garhwal), India
Maheshwar P. Joshi, C. W. Brown
Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 30, No. 3 (1987), pp. 303-317
doi:10.2307/3631816

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Routes into Networks : The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833

http://www.iserp.columbia.edu/research/working_papers/downloads/2004_07.pdf

Erikson Emily and Peter Bearman. 2004.
Routes into Networks : The Structure of English Trade in the East Indies, 1601-1833

ISERP Working Paper 04- 07, Columbia University
http://www.iserp.columbia.edu/research/working_papers/downloads/2004_07.pdf

Abstract
Drawing on a remarkable dataset compiled from ships logs, journals, factory correspondence, ledgers, and reports that provide unusually precise information on each of the 4,572 voyages taken by English traders of the East India Company (hereafter EIC), we describe the EIC trade network over time, from 1601 to 1833.

From structural images of voyages organized by shipping seasons, we map the (over time and space) emergence of dense, fully integrated, global trade networks: of globalization before globalization. We show that the integration of the world trade system under the aegis of the EIC was the unintended by-product of systematic individual malfeasance (private trading) on the part of ship captains seeking profit from internal Eastern trade.

Keywords: principal-agent problem, networks, global trade, historical sociology, the EIC.

Extract
[...]
Data for this paper arise from The Catalogue of the East India Companys Ships Journals and Logs, 1600-1834 and The Biographical index of East India Company maritime service officers: 1600-1834, sources which integrate the journals, logs, ledgers, imprest books, pay books, receipt books, absence books, company papers, and voluminous correspondence of the Company relevant for each ship and employed officer. From the first volume, we have a complete list of the 1,480 ships (4,725 voyages) that were engaged in EIC trade from 1601 to 1835. Eighty- Routes into Networks five percent of the entries for voyages contain a complete set of ports visited with dates of arrival and departure. All ships list the trading season in which they were active and 99% percent include the intended destination. Less systematically, there is information on ship tonnage, dimensions, crew size, armaments, principal owners, and shipbuilders. In the analyses reported below, ports fall in and out of the network. [...]
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[The sources in question are:
* Farrington, Anthony. 1999. Catalogue of the East India Company Ships' Journals and Logs 1600-1834. London: The British Library.
* Farrington, Anthony. 1999. Biographical Index of the East India Company Maritime Service Officers. London: The British Library.
- tmc.]

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Trade and Trade Routes in Southern Latium in Late Antiquity

Title: Trade and Trade Routes in Southern Latium in Late Antiquity
Author(s): CORSI, Cristina
Journal: BABesch - Bulletin Antieke Beschaving
Volume: 82    Issue: 1   Date: 2007   
Pages: 247-256
DOI: 10.2143/BAB.82.1.2020774

Abstract :
Thanks to the research activities to prepare the Archaeological Map of an area included in the modern province of Frosinone (Southern Lazio), it is now possible to delineate the distributions of commercial goods and technical know-how, as well as the routes and itineraries of their circulation, during the poorly documented period between the end of Antiquity and the beginning of Carolingian power in Italy.
The transformations in this region during Late Antiquity can be studied via a number of approaches. It is necessary to evaluate the character of acculturation in the areas conquered by the Lombards, and trace the forms of continuity of occupation in urban centres that remained under the political influence of the Byzantines.

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The Sea Route between Cheju Island and Zhejiang Province

Koh, Heyryun, A Note on the Sea Route between Cheju Island and Zhejiang
Province, in A. Schottenhammer (ed.), The East Asian Maritime World
1400-1800: Its Fabrics of Power and Dynamics of Exchanges. (Wiesbaden:
Otto Harrassowitz, 2007), pp.151-168. East Asian Maritime History 4.

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Two books on trade & trade routes in 19th c. Thailand

(1) ------
Phokha wua tang : phubukboek kankhakhai nai muban Phak Nua khong Prathet Thai, Pho.So. 2398-2503 / Chusit Chuchat.
• Merchants--Thailand, Northern--History.
• Trade routes--Thailand, Northern--History.
• 10, 116 p. : ill., maps ; 22 cm.
• Chiang Mai : Sun Suksa Phumpanya Thongthin, 2545 [2002]
(2) ------
http://www.jimthompsonhouse.com/museum_shop/index.asp
Exhibition catalogues' section
‘Siam in Trade and War — Royal Maps of the Nineteenth Century’ will be staged at the Jim Thompson Centre for the Arts, Soi Kasemsan 2 (BTS Station National Stadium), from January 28 until March 31, 2006, 9 am. to 5 pm.
James H W Thompson Foundation
Supicha Theerasenee
Tel: 66 (0) 2216-7368
Chutima Pengsuth
Tel: 66 (0) 2762-2564
"In 1995, 17 large hand-drawn and hand-colored maps were discovered rolled up in a cupboard in the Princess Abhantri Paja Mansion in the Grand Palace. These long-lost treasures record cartographically Siamese warfare and trade during the first three reigns of the Bangkok period (1782-1851). They were at once taken to HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn, who realizing their importance, undertook conservation work.

Works of art in themselves, the maps are full of historical and landscape detail which provide a wealth of material for historians and geographers of Southeast Asia. They depict the routes of war with the Burmese and trade with China, including extensive details of towns and villages, forts, religious places, ethnic minorities, plants and animals, population, distance and traveling time, and even historical events in some particular areas. Focusing on Siam and on her immediate neighbors, the collection also includes a remarkable four-metre long coastal map covering the area from peninsular Malaysia to Korea. Following their discovery, the maps were cleaned, restored and finally housed at the personal library of HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn. Siam in Trade and War: Royal Maps of the Nineteenth Century also features illustrations of a fascinating collection of weapons, sacred shirts, manuscripts, Chinese porcelain and other traded goods to reflect the dual themes of war and trade.

The discovery of the maps and subsequent research carried out by Dr Santanee Phasuk, under the supervision of Professor Philip Stott, shed new light on the concerns faced by the early kings of the Chakri dynasty and overturn conventional views on indigenous cartography in Southeast Asia." Src: http://www.jimthompsonhouse.com/museum_shop/index.asp

See also
Hans-Dieter Evers, Rüdiger Korff and Suparb Pas-Ong. 1987. Trade and State Formation: Siam in the Early Bangkok Period
Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 21, No. 4. (1987), pp. 751-771.
http://www.uni-bonn.de/~hevers/papers/Evers1987-Trade_and_State_Formation_Siam1.pdf

Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0026-749X%281987%2921%3A4%3C751%3ATASFSI%3E2.0.CO%3B2-Q

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